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ER32 125mm 5.5KW Amanzi Ajikelezayo Apholisiwe
220V/380V
12000-24000 RPM
51*20*22cm
27KG
Amanzi Apholile
ER32
5.5KW
11A
Φ125*403mm
I- Zhong Hua Jiang ER32 125mm 5.5kW injini yokuphotha amanzi epholiswe ngamanzi idizayinelwe abakhiqizi berutha be-CNC, amaworkshops angochwepheshe kanye nabasabalalisi bezimboni. Ihlanganisa ER32 isixhumi esibonakalayo se-collet , indlu eyindilinga engu-Φ125mm , ama-ceramic-ball bearings kanye nebanga lesivinini elingu-12,000–24,000 RPM elishicilelwe kumasistimu emishini e-CNC ahambisanayo.
Uhlu lomkhiqizo lukhomba izinguqulo ze-220V kanye ne-380V zezimoto ezingu , -400Hz kanye nesisindo esingaba ngu- 27kg sokuphotha. Inikezwa lapha njengendlela yokumisa injini kuphela ; i-VFD efaniswe kahle, ilungiselelo lokukhweza kanye nesekhethi yokupholisa amanzi ejikelezayo kufanele kubhekwe ngokuhlukana.
Cela ER32 5.5kW Amanani e-Spindle
Ividiyo ihlinzeka ngezithombe eziyisithenjwa zomkhiqizo ojwayelekile. Injini ngqo, ER32 isixhumi esibonakalayo samathuluzi, inguqulo kagesi nezisekeli kufanele kuqinisekiswe entweni eceliwe.
Landa ikhathalogi yomkhiqizo ukuze uthole imishini eyengeziwe ye-CNC nolwazi lwengxenye. Imidwebo yokuphotha eqondene nokucushwa kanye nedatha kagesi ingacelwa ngokuhlukana.
Umshini we-CNC Router Ikhathalogi 2025.pdf
Isigaba samandla angu-5.5kW kanye ER32 nomshini wesudi yesistimu yokubamba amathuluzi yakha edinga ukuhlangana okukhulu kwe-spindle kunamamodeli amaningi ahlangene ER11 kanye ER20 . Ububanzi obusebenzisekayo bokusika nomthwalo womshini kuncike kukholomu ekhethiwe ER32 , i-collet nut, ukucaciswa kwamathuluzi, izilungiselelo ze-VFD kanye nokuqina komshini we-CNC.
Umzimba wokuphotha ucaciswe ngokuthi Φ125 × 403mm . Izihlanganisi kufanele zibhekane nesisindo sayo esicishe sibe ngu-27kg , i-spindle clamp, i-Z-axis payload, i-cable clearance kanye noxhumo lwamanzi. Umthombo ubala amabhile e-ceramic-ball, kodwa ibanga eliqondile lokuthwala, ukwakhiwa nokubekezelela kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuze kucushwe oku-odwe.
Ukuze usebenze ngokhuni, amapulasitiki kanye nokusebenza kwensimbi engacindezeli, khetha izimo zokusika nokusika ngokuya ngocezu lokusebenza, ukuqina komshini kanye nesivinini sokuphotha esivunyelwe ngumkhiqizi wamathuluzi. Amandla alinganiselwe ewodwa awasunguli isilinganiso esifanelekile sokususwa kwezinto.
Thola 5.5kW ER32 Imininingwane Yezimoto
Amanani ashicilelwe ngezansi ahlonza umndeni wamamodeli. Sicela uqinisekise inguqulo ekhethiwe ye-220V noma i-380V ngokumelene ne-nameplate yayo, ikakhulukazi izimfuneko ezilinganiselwe zamanje kanye ne-VFD. Uhlu lubonisa i-11A ngaphandle kwezilinganiso zikagesi ezihlukene kuzo zombili izinguqulo zezinjini.
Amandla kagesi |
220V/380V | 1 pcs 5.5KW Round Spindle Motor. |
Isivinini |
12000-24000 | |
Amandla |
5.5KW | |
Ugesi wamanje |
11A | |
Imvamisa |
400Hz | |
KG |
27KG | |
Ukuxhumana |
ER32 | |
Ukupholisa |
Amanzi Apholile | |
Ukuzala |
Amabhola E-Ceramic |
Ubukhulu obuphelele obushicilelwe: Φ125 × 403mm. Isivinini sokusebenza: 12,000–24,000 RPM. Ububanzi bokunikezwa okufakwe ohlwini: injini yokuphotha eyindilinga engu-5.5kW. Ubukhulu obunembayo bekholethi, amantongomane, ikhebula lendiza nezinye izingxenye ezinikeziwe kufanele ziqinisekiswe kwikhotheshini; azibaluliwe kuthebula lokuqala elinemoto kuphela.
Ukukhetha idrayivu: Idrayivu eguquguqukayo kufanele isekele imvamisa yokuphumayo engu-400Hz edingekayo futhi ifaniswe ne-voltage enembile yemoto, elinganiselwe yamanje namandla. I-spindle ye-high-frequency spindle ayihloselwe ukuxhumana okuqondile namapayipi avamile e-AC.
Qinisekisa izilinganiso ze-220V/380V kanye ne-VFD Match
ER32 Ama-spindle angu-5.5kW apholise amanzi angase acatshangelwe ukwenza umzila we-CNC, ukuqoshwa kanye nemisebenzi yokugaya ekhethiwe uma ebhangqwe namathuluzi afanelekile, onogada bemishini, ukubamba umsebenzi nokuphathwa kwe-chip. Ukuhambisana kwezinto kuncike emshinini ophelele kanye nenqubo, hhayi i-nameplate yokuphotha iyodwa.
Ngokhuni, i-MDF kanye nokucutshungulwa kwamaphaneli, i-spindle ingase ifakwe kumarutha e-CNC ahambisanayo ukuze kwenziwe iphrofayili, i-slotting, ukuphungula nokuqoshwa. Ukukhethwa komsiki, okuphakelayo kanye nokujula kokusikwa kufanele kusethelwe i-workpiece kanye nesakhiwo somshini.
Okwe-acrylic, i-PVC namanye amapulasitiki asebenzisekayo, khetha ijiyomethri yokusika kanye nokuphakelayo ukuze ulawule ukushisisa okungqubuzanayo, ukuqedwa konqenqema nokususwa kwe-chip. Isifunda sokupholisa amanzi silawula izinga lokushisa lokupholisa; ayithathi indawo yezinyathelo zokuphepha zokusika ezithize.
Umshini okhanyayo noma ukuqoshwa kwe-aluminium nethusi kungenzeka ngamathuluzi afanelekile kanye nomshini oqinile ngokwanele. Qinisekisa itorque yokuphotha ngesivinini esihlosiwe sokusebenza, imikhawulo yamathuluzi, ukubamba komsebenzi kanye nezimfuneko zokuthambisa noma zokususwa kwe-chip ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Xoxa ngezicelo ze-CNC kanye nezidingo zomshini
Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-collet ER32 sisekela ama-collet ahambisanayo ashintshekayo akhethelwe ububanzi be-shank yamathuluzi. Sebenzisa amantongomane namakholethi afanayo agunyaziwe, izindawo zokukhweza ezihlanzekile kanye nenqubo yokuqinisa efanele. Igama elithi ER32 alisunguli inani eliqinisekisiwe eliphumayo noma ikhono lokushintsha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo.
Umkhiqizo ushicilela imvamisa engu-400Hz kanye nobubanzi obungu -12,000–24,000 RPM . Ukulawula isivinini kunikezwa i-VFD yangaphandle efaniswe kahle. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesilawuli noma i-PLC kuncike ezindaweni ezikhethiwe zedrayivu kanye nezintambo zomshini.
Izinketho ezimbili ze-motor voltage zibaliwe. Cacisa inguqulo edingekayo lapho ucela ikhotheshini futhi uhlole amandla kagesi kanye namanje okuphrintiwe ku-nameplate yaleyo moto ngaphambi kokukhetha i-VFD noma isivikelo sikagesi. Inani le-11A elibonisiwe akufanele lisetshenziswe kuzo zombili izinketho ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa.
Amabhodi e-Ceramic-ball ahlonzwa ekucacisweni okushicilelwe. Ukuthwala ukusebenza nempilo yesevisi kuncike ekwakhiweni kwemodeli, ukuthambisa, isivinini esijikelezayo, imithwalo yokusika, ibhalansi yamathuluzi nokupholisa. Cela ilungiselelo lokuthwala kanye nanoma yikuphi ukubekezelelana kokuhlola okudingekayo kumshini.
I-spindle isebenzisa indlu epholiswe ngamanzi, edinga isekethe yokupholisa enosayizi ofanele. Qinisekisa iphampu noma i-chiller, ukucaciswa kwesipholisa, ukulingana kwepayipi kanye nezidingo zokugeleza ngaphambi kokusebenza. Ungayigijimisi injini ngaphandle kokugeleza kokupholisa okucacisiwe.
Cacisa i ehambisanayo -125mm spindle clamp , hlola umthamo womthwalo we-axis engu-Z bese ubala ubude bomzimba obuphelele obungu -403mm kanye nokuvunyelwa kwesixhumi. Ukukhweza okulungile, izintambo, ukubeka phansi kanye nokuhlola ukudlidliza kubalulekile ngaphambi komshini.
Cela Ukusekelwa Kwe-OEM Spindle Integration
Ngokuthenga komsabalalisi, ukuphotha okunye esikhundleni noma ukwakhiwa komshini omusha we-CNC, ulwazi olulandelayo lusiza ukuhlonza ukucushwa okulungile nokugwema izingxenye ezingafani.
| Amandla kagesi | Qinisekisa i-oda le-220V noma i-380V motor nameplate kanye nezidingo zokuphakelwa kwe-VFD eziqondene nezwe elithile. |
| Ukuhambisana kwe-VFD | Hlola isigaba samandla angu-5.5kW, amandla okukhipha angu-400Hz, izilinganiso zamanje nezisetshenziswa zokulawula. |
| Ukukhweza umshini | Qinisekisa ukulingana kwe-clamp engu-Φ125mm, ukuphuma komzimba okungu-403mm, umthwalo wemoto ongu-27kg kanye nomthamo we-axis engu-Z. |
| ER32 okokusebenza | Cacisa amadamitha we-cutter shank ahlosiwe, ukukhetha kwekholethi/inadi kanye nesivinini samathuluzi esivumelekile. |
| Ukupholisa isifunda | Qinisekisa ukulingana kokungenisa/indawo yokukhipha amanzi, izidingo zephampu noma zokupholisa, amapayipi kanye nokujikeleza kwesipholile. |
| Ububanzi bokulethwa | Qinisekisa injini, ikhebuli/isixhumi, ER32 izinsiza, i-VFD, iphampu futhi ukhweze ngokuhlukene kwikhotheshini. |
| Izidingo ze-oda | Yabelana ngenani eliqondiwe, isicelo esihlosiwe, indlela yokuhlola kanye nezwe okuyiwa kulo. |
Thumela Izidingo Zakho Zokuthenga Ezobuchwepheshe
Ithebula lemininingwane yomkhiqizo libala injini yokuphotha eyindilinga engu-5.5kW . I-VFD, iphampu/i-chiller, amapayipi apholile kanye nesigxivizo esifakwayo akuphawulwa njengezingxenye ezifakiwe kulolu hlu lwemoto kuphela. Sicela uqinisekise noma yiziphi izinsiza zokubamba amathuluzi, umkhondo kagesi noma izisekeli ozikhethela ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda.
Izithombe zokupakishwa zibonisa izindlela zokuthunyelwa nezindlela zokuvikela. Okuqukethwe kwe-oda ngalinye kufanele kunqunywe ohlwini lokupakisha olubhaliwe kanye nekhotheshini eqinisekisiwe.
Ezinhlelweni ezishintshayo nama-oda ama-wholesale, faka inani elidingekayo, i-voltage, izimfuneko zekholethi ER32 kanye nezinsiza lapho ucela ukunikezwa kwezentengiso.
Qinisekisa Iphakheji Ye-Spindle kanye Nentengo Eyinqwaba
Qhathanisa imikhiqizo ehlobene yezimoto kuphela kanye namakhithi e-spindle/VFD esohlwini oluhlukene ngaphambi kokukhetha ukucushwa komkhiqizo. Ama-voltage azo, amasistimu wokubamba amathuluzi, isivinini esilinganiselwe kanye nenani lezinsiza zingahluka.
I-Huajiang ichaza umsebenzi wayo wokukhiqiza i-spindle njengoqala ngo- 2000, kamuva inweba ibe amadrayivu ashintshashintshayo kanye nemishini yokuqopha. Uhlobo lwe-Zhong Hua Jiang lwethulwa ngo 2018. Abakhi bemishini ye-CNC nabasabalalisi bangaxoxa ngokucushwa kwe-spindle, izingxenye ezifanayo kanye nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe eqondene ne-oda nomphakeli.
U-Zhong Hua Jiang wethula ulwazi ngama-spindle motors, izinto zokushayela ezihlobene kanye nezingxenye zomshini we-CNC. Inkampani ibhekisela emsebenzini welungelo lobunikazi ohlobene nokupholisa umoya; ulwazi lwenkampani olunjalo akufanele luhunyushwe njengesitifiketi noma ukufakwa kwelungelo lobunikazi kule ER32 imodeli epholiswe ngamanzi.
Ngokucaciswa kwe-OEM noma ukuthenga komsabalalisi, amadokhumenti esicelo asebenza kunjini enembile ER32 engu-5.5kW, izidingo zokuhlolwa kanye nemakethe yendawo. Izimo zentengiso ezitholakalayo zisungulwa ngekhotheshini yomphakeli.
Cela ER32 5.5kW OEM kanye Nolwazi Lomsabalalisi
Ukuthenga i-spindle yemishini yokukhiqiza kubandakanya okungaphezu kokulinganisa kwemoto. Qinisekisa ukucaciswa kwemodeli okuyiyonayona, izidingo zokuhlola, ububanzi besevisi, ukufanisa insiza kanye nemibandela yokuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekuthengeni.
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| Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi Xoxisana ngokuhlolwa kwemodeli ethile kanye nezindlela zokwamukela. |
Amalungelo obunikazi kanye nemibhalo yesicelo semibhalo ehambisana nomkhiqizo okhethiwe. |
Ibanga Lomkhiqizo Nomkhiqizo Qhathanisa ama-spindle motors, ama-VFD kanye nezingxenye ze-CNC ezihlobene. |
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| I-Factory-Direct Supply Xoxa ngamanani okuthenga nezimo zezohwebo. |
Ukudidiyelwa Kwezobuchwepheshe Buyekeza ukufanisa ugesi, ukupholisa izidingo zokufakwa. |
I-oda Nokuhlelwa Kokulethwa Qinisekisa izikhathi zokuhola, imigomo yokupakisha nokuthunyelwa ngokubhala. |
Le nkampani futhi yethula uhla olubanzi lwamamodeli we-CNC spindle. Ukuhambisana komshini, noma yiziphi izitifiketi ezisebenzayo, ukuhlinzekwa kosekelo lobuchwepheshe, izintengo namashejuli okulethwa kufanele kuqinisekiswe ku-oda ngalinye.
Imishini ye-CNC router kuhlanganise 3018, 3020, 3040 kanye nochungechunge lwe-6090 yethulwa ebangeni lenkampani; i-motor ne-drive kufanele ifaniswe nesiteji somshini sangempela.
Izinjini zokuphotha ezipholiswe ngamanzi nezipholile emoyeni zinikezwa ngezilinganiso zamandla ezihlukene, amadayamitha ezindlu kanye ne-ER collet interfaces.
Izinsimbi zokuphotha ezihambisanayo, okokusebenza kokupholisa, ukushintsha komkhawulo, ama-Z probe kanye nezingxenye zokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo kungase kukhethwe ngokwezidingo zomshini.
Izintambo ezivikelekile kanye nemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwekhebula kungase kucatshangelwe izintambo zomshini we-CNC, ngokuya ngezidingo zokufakwa kukagesi nemishini.
Ama-Stepper motors ayatholakala kuma-CNC axis motion systems; cacisa idrayivu edingekayo, lawula futhi ulayishe imingcele.
Isithombe esingenhla sigcinwe njengesithenjwa samadokhumenti enkampani. Ngaphambi kokuthembela esitifiketini noma ekubhalweni kokuvumelana, buza ukuthi imaphi amadokhumenti asebenza kunjini yokuphotha epholiswe ngamanzi engu ER32 5.5kW ngqo, inguqulo ye-voltage e-odwe kanye nemakethe yendawo okuyiwa kuyo.
Izithombe zempendulo yekhasimende ziyizinkomba ezijwayelekile. Ngephrojekthi ye-OEM noma yezimboni, cela izibonelo ezihambisana nohlelo lokusebenza nolwazi lokuhlola oluqondene nemodeli.
Cela ER32 Amadokhumenti Ezobuchwepheshe kanye Nekhotheshini
Ihloselwe amarutha e-CNC amiswe ngokufanelekile, imishini yokuqopha kanye nemishini yokugaya ekhethiwe. Izicelo ezijwayelekile zifaka ukhuni, i-MDF, i-acrylic namapulasitiki, kuyilapho umsebenzi wensimbi ongenamvubelo okhanyayo udinga ukuqina okwanele, ithuluzi kanye nokukhethwa kwenqubo.
Ukufakwa kuhlu kuthi 5.5kW, ER32 i-collet interface, Φ125 × 403mm, 220V/380V izinketho, 400Hz, 12,000–24,000 RPM, ama-ceramic-ball bearings kanye nesisindo esingaba ngu-27kg. Iphinde ifake ku-11A ngaphandle kokucacisa imisinga ehlukene yawo womabili ama-voltages.
Ziyizinhlelo ezahlukene ze-collet. ER32 ngokuvamile ithatha umndeni omkhulu wamasayizi amakholethi ahambisanayo, kodwa ububanzi be-toolshank obusekelwayo, uhlobo lwentongomane nesivinini sokusebenza esiphephile kufanele kuhlolwe ikholethi ne-spindle ekhethiwe. ER25 kanye namaqoqo angu ER32 awashintsheki ngokuqondile.
Cha. ER32 ikhomba i-collet interface. Umshini wokushintsha ithuluzi ozenzakalelayo udinga izici ezengeziwe zomshini nezici zokuphotha; qinisekisa lelo khono ngokucacile ngaphambi koku-oda.
Uhlu lwangempela lwamaphakheji luthi injini yokuphotha eyindilinga engu-5.5kW. Ayifaki i-VFD, iphampu yamanzi, amapayipi noma i-clamp ekhwezayo njengamathuluzi afakiwe. Qinisekisa uhlu lokugcina lokupakisha kanye nekhotheshini.
Khetha i-VFD ene-voltage ephumayo, ekalwe okwamanje, amandla anamandla kanye nebanga lokusebenza elingu-400Hz elihambisana nenguqulo yemoto ngqo. Hlola izixhumanisi zokulawula ezitholakalayo nezilungiselelo zokuvikela ngaphambi kokufaka.
Cha. I-high-frequency spindle idinga i-VFD elinganiselwe ngokufanelekile kunoxhumo oluqondile lwamapayipi. Ukufaka izintambo kanye nokubeka phansi kufanele kulandele imibhalo yedrayivu ne-spindle.
Uhlu lushicilela i-11A kodwa aluhlinzeki ngezilinganiso zamanje ezihlukene ze-220V kanye ne-380V. Thola idatha ye-nameplate yemoto e-odiwe ncamashi ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kukagesi noma ukwamukelwa.
Buza Mayelana ER32 Nokuhambelana Kwe-Spindle
Ibanga lejubane lokusebenza elishiwo ngu-12,000–24,000 RPM. Qinisekisa imikhawulo yokusebenza kanye nezilungiselelo zepharamitha ye-VFD yomhlangano wangempela wemoto nesisiki.
Ukucaciswa kwangempela kunikeza i-400Hz. I-VFD ekhethiwe kufanele isekele imvamisa yokuphumayo edingekayo kanye ne-motor voltage kanye ne-current.
Ikhasi lomkhiqizo lihlonza ama-ceramic-ball bearings. Izinombolo zezingxenye eziphethe ngqo, ibanga lokunemba nokuhlelwa akucaciswanga encazelweni enikeziwe futhi kufanele kuqinisekiswe uma kuyingxenye yokucaciswa kokuthenga.
Ayikho impilo yesevisi engaguquki esungulwa yi-bearing material iyodwa. Ukulayishwa kwe-spindle, ibhalansi yamathuluzi, ukupholisa, ukungcoliswa, isivinini sokusebenza nokunakekelwa konke kuthinta impilo yokuthwala.
Sebenzisa inhlanganisela yokukhweza efanele indawo yendlu yokuphotha eyisilinda engu-Φ125mm, kuncike emdwebeni wokukhwezwa womkhiqizi kanye nedizayini yohlaka lomshini.
Uhlu lunikeza cishe ama-27kg. Hlola ukwakheka kwe-axis engu-Z, umthamo wokuphakamisa okunenjini kanye nesigaxa esingeziwe noma isisindo sekhebula phakathi nokwakhiwa kwemishini.
Ukucaciswa komkhiqizo kukhombisa umzimba wokuphotha ongu-Φ125 × 403mm. Qinisekisa noma yisiphi isixhumi sekhebula, imbobo yokupholisa noma imvume yokufaka ngale kobukhulu bomzimba.
Kudingeka uhlelo lokujikeleza olunosayizi ofanele, amapayipi afanele kanye nezinto ezipholisayo. Thola ukugeleza okunconyiwe komkhiqizi kanye nezidingo zokupholisa; lawa manani awacacisiwe ekhasini elinikeziwe.
Iphampu ayifakiwe ohlwini olushicilelwe lwephakheji yemoto eyodwa. Cela uhlu lokupakisha oluqinisekisiwe noma ikhotheshini yesistimu yokupholisa edingekayo.
Yebo, ingacatshangelwa njengemishini yokhuni ye-CNC ehambisanayo kanye nemishini yokucubungula iphaneli. Ukukhetha umsiki, izinga lokuphakelayo, ukujula kokusika kanye nokuqina komshini kufanele kuhambisane nokusebenza.
Buza Mayelana ER32 Nokuhambelana Kwe-Spindle
I-spindle ingase isetshenziselwe izinhlelo zokusika ezilungiselelwe kahle ze-acrylic nepulasitiki. I-geometry yethuluzi elifanele kanye nokuphakelayo kuyadingeka ukuze kulawuleke ukushisa, ukuqeda kanye nokuphuma kwe-chip.
Ukwenza imishini ekhanyayo noma ukuqopha kungase kwenzeke ngomshini oqinile kanye namapharamitha amathuluzi akhethwe kahle nokucubungula. Isilinganiso esingu-5.5kW sisodwa asiqinisekisi ukufaneleka kokususwa kwezinsimbi ezinzima.
Ithebula lephakheji langempela libala injini yokuphotha eyodwa kuphela; ayifaki izinto ER32 osayizi bekholethi noma inathi. Qinisekisa izingxenye zokubamba amathuluzi ezifakiwe nomhlinzeki.
Isilawuli esihambisanayo se-CNC noma i-PLC ingase ilawule i-VFD efanele ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi zayo ezisekelwayo. Injini ngokwayo ayifaki i-PLC ehlanganisiwe noma isilawuli.
Abakhi bomshini bangahambisa i-voltage ehlosiwe, ukwakheka kokuphonswa kwe-spindle, izidingo zekholethi, izintambo zezintambo kanye nevolumu yokuthenga ukuze kube nokwenzeka nokubuyekezwa kwekhotheshini. Noma yiziphi izici zangokwezifiso kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-oda.
Yebo. Yabelana ngenguqulo yemoto, inani lonyaka noma inqwaba, imakethe eqondiwe kanye nezingxenye ezihambisanayo ezidingekayo zekhotheshini ye-wholesale eqondene ne-oda.
I-MOQ, isikhathi sokuhola sokukhiqiza, isimo sesitoko, ububanzi bewaranti kanye nemibandela yokuthengisa ngemva kokuthengisa kufanele kuqinisekiswe kwikhotheshini ebhaliwe nesivumelwano sokuthengisa sokucushwa kwemoto ekhethiwe.
Nikeza ngenguqulo edingekayo ye-220V noma 380V, imodeli yomshini, umdwebo okhwezwayo, imininingwane ye-VFD ehambisanayo, izinto ezihlosiwe, ER32 izidingo zamathuluzi, inani nendawo okuyiwa kuyo.
