Umuyoboro

 Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi & Cable 

 

Insinga z'amashanyarazi n'insinga  bigize urufatiro rwa sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi agezweho, bituma itangwa ry'amashanyarazi neza kandi neza mu ngo, inganda, n'ibikorwa remezo. Muri rusange, insinga z'amashanyarazi nuyobora ku giti cye - mubisanzwe umurongo umwe cyangwa intoki ikomeye yicyuma yagenewe gutwara amashanyarazi kuva kumurongo umwe ujya mukindi. Ibinyuranyo, insinga zigizwe ninsinga nyinshi (akenshi ebyiri cyangwa zirenga) zishyizwe hamwe mumashanyarazi arinda hanze, zibafasha gukora ibintu bigoye cyane nko gukoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, kumurika, cyangwa guhererekanya amakuru hamwe nimbaraga.

Itandukanyirizo ryibanze riri mubwubatsi n'intego zabo: insinga imwe irashobora kuba ihagije kubintu byoroheje, bito bito bito, nka jumper iyobora muri elegitoroniki, mugihe insinga zitanga ishyirahamwe ryongerewe imbaraga, kurinda imashini, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara imizunguruko myinshi (urugero, insinga zishyushye, zidafite aho zibogamiye, nubutaka bwubatswe mumurongo usanzwe wurugo). Uku gufatanya kugabanya kwivanga kwa electromagnetic, kunoza kuramba kwangirika kwumubiri, no koroshya kwishyiriraho imiyoboro cyangwa inkuta.

 

 Ubwoko bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi 

 

 1. Umugozi ukomeye 

 

Intsinga zikomeye zigizwe nicyuma kimwe, gikomeza icyuma - muburyo bw'umuringa cyangwa aluminium - gikururwa na diametre imwe nta gucamo imbere cyangwa guhuza. Iyi nyubako ya monolithic itanga amashanyarazi meza  kandi irwanya imbaraga nkeya zishoboka  kubipimo runaka, kuko nta cyuho gihuza intera cyangwa guhuza imiyoboro hagati y'imigozi. Igisubizo ni ntoya ya voltage yamashanyarazi nubushyuhe, bigatuma insinga zikomeye zihitamo guhitamo kubisanzwe, bihoraho  nkibikoresho byo guturamo byubucuruzi nubucuruzi, insinga zomuzitiro, hamwe numuyoboro.

Ubukomezi bwacyo butuma imiyoboro ihamye mu miyoboro ya screw, agasanduku gahuza, hamwe n’ibisohoka, bikagabanya ibyago byo kurekura igihe. Ingano isanzwe irimo 14 AWG (kumashanyarazi 15-amp yamashanyarazi), 12 AWG (20-amp rusange-intego), na 10 AWG (ibikoresho 30-amp), byose byapimwe nubuyobozi bwa NEC. Ariko, insinga ikomeye ntishobora guhinduka - kunama inshuro nyinshi birashobora gutera akazi gukomera no kuvunika amaherezo - ntibikwiye rero kubisabwa birimo kugenda cyangwa kunyeganyega. Kubwumutekano, imiyoboro ihamye ihora ikingiwe (urugero, hamwe na THHN / THWN thermoplastique) kandi ifite amabara akurikije imikorere.

 

 2. Umugozi uhagaze 

 

Intsinga zitsindagiye zigizwe ninsinga nyinshi zoroshye  (akenshi 7, 19, cyangwa zirenga, bitewe na guge na flexible class) yazindukiye hamwe muburyo bwa tekinike kugirango ikore umuyobozi umwe. Iki gishushanyo gitezimbere kuburyo bugaragara no  kurwanya umunaniro , bituma insinga yunama inshuro nyinshi itavunitse - inyungu ikomeye mubikoresho byimukanwa , imigozi yimukanwa, imiyoboro yagutse, hamwe na robo.

Kurugero, insinga ya 12 AWG yahagaritswe THHN irashobora kuba irimo imirongo 7 yumuringa ~ 26 AWG, itanga ampacity ihwanye ninsinga zikomeye ariko hamwe na radiyo yunamye ikubye inshuro 4-6 z'umurambararo. Ibishushanyo mbonera byashyizwe mu byiciro nkibipimo nka ASTM B258 (urugero, Icyiciro B cyo gukoresha muri rusange, Icyiciro C kugirango cyoroherezwe, na Class K kumurongo uhebuje cyane mubuvuzi cyangwa mu kirere). Mugihe kiri hejuru gato mukurwanya (~ 1-3% birenze gukomera bitewe na geometrie ihagaze), itandukaniro ntirisanzwe mubikorwa byinshi byingufu. Umugozi uhagaze ni ngombwa muri SOOW yimigozi yimigozi , ya disikuru , insinga za patch , hamwe nigikoresho cyimashini , aho kunyeganyega cyangwa guhinduranya kenshi byafata imiyoboro ikomeye.

 

 3. Umuringa wacuzwe 

 

Umugozi wumuringa usizwe urimo urwego ruto rwamabati ya elegitoronike  kuri buri mugozi wumuringa (cyangwa umuyoboro wose muburyo bukomeye), bigatera inzitizi yo gukingira okiside na ruswa . Umuringa usukuye, nubwo utwara cyane, ukora umuringa wa okiside na verdigris iyo uhuye nubushuhe, umwuka, cyangwa umunyu - reaction zongera imbaraga zo guhura no gutesha agaciro imikorere. Amabati arinda ibi, cyane cyane mubidukikije byo mu nyanja , ikirere cyuzuye ikirere , munsi yubutaka , cyangwa ibiti byimiti.

Bikunze kuboneka mubyuma byubwato  (byujuje ubuziranenge bwa ABYC), insinga zitumanaho zo hanze zo hanze , zikoresha imirasire yizuba , hamwe nibikoresho byamajwi , insinga zometseho amabuye zigumana ubwizerwe bwigihe kirekire kabone niyo zaterwa amazi yumunyu, kondegene, cyangwa ruswa ya galvanike. Amabati yo kugabanya kugabanya gato (~ 3-5% munsi yumuringa wambaye ubusa), ariko ibi birangizwa nigihe kirekire. Umuringa ucometseho umuringa uhabwa agaciro cyane cyane mumigozi ya batiri ya marine yoroheje  hamwe nibikoresho byimodoka  byerekanwa numunyu wumuhanda. Ibipimo nka MIL-W-16878 byerekana imiyoboro isobekeranye kugirango ikoreshwe mu gisirikare no mu ndege, ireba kugurishwa no kurwanya 'icyatsi kibisi ' mu myaka mirongo.

 

 Ibikoresho bitandukanye byamashanyarazi 

 

 1. Umugozi ukomeye 

 

Umugozi ukomeye ugizwe nicyuma kimwe, gikomeza icyuma (mubisanzwe umuringa cyangwa aluminium). Igishushanyo gitanga amashanyarazi meza kandi arwanya imbaraga nkeya kuberako habuze icyuho cyangwa aho uhurira hagati yumurongo. Nibyiza cyane kubintu byashizweho, bihoraho nko kurukuta rwurukuta, imiyoboro ikora, cyangwa agasanduku gahuza aho insinga iguma ihagaze iyo imaze gushyirwaho. Ubukomezi bwabwo butuma umutekano uhoraho, uramba mugihe cyogusohoka no gusohoka, ariko bigenda byangirika mugihe cyunamye kandi bikunda kunanirwa numunaniro iyo bihindagurika.

 

 2. Umugozi uhagaze 

 

Umugozi wiziritse ugizwe nibyuma byinshi byoroheje bifatanye hamwe muburyo bwa tekinike kugirango habeho umuyobozi umwe. Iyi nyubako itanga ubworoherane no kurwanya umunaniro wubukanishi, bigatuma biba byiza mubisabwa birimo kugenda kenshi, kunyeganyega, cyangwa kunama - nk'umugozi wimukanwa, insinga zimodoka, robotike, insinga zamajwi, hamwe n’imashini ihuza imashini. Mugihe ifite imbaraga zirenze gato kurenza insinga ikomeye yikigereranyo kimwe, itandukaniro ntirishobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi byingufu, kandi kuramba kwayo mubidukikije bigenda bisumba kure ibyo bitagenda neza.

 

 Kode y'amabara y'insinga z'amashanyarazi 

 

Insinga z'amashanyarazi zifite amabara yanditseho kugirango yongere umutekano, yoroshe kumenyekanisha, kandi yemeze guhuza neza mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga, no gukemura ibibazo. Amabara asanzwe yerekana imikorere yihariye muri sisitemu ya AC power (mubisanzwe 120/240 V muri Amerika ya ruguru cyangwa 230 V ku rwego mpuzamahanga). Kubahiriza aya masezerano bisabwa na code yamashanyarazi nka NEC cyangwa IEC.

 

 Umukara n'Umutuku 

 

Insinga nzima cyangwa zishyushye zitwara amashanyarazi kuva mumashanyarazi kugeza kumuzigo.

·  Umukara  ubusanzwe ukoreshwa kumaguru yambere ashyushye (Icyiciro A cyangwa L1).

·  Umutuku  ukoreshwa kumaguru ya kabiri ashyushye (Phase B cyangwa L2) mumuzunguruko wa 240 V, imirongo y'amashanyarazi menshi, cyangwa ingendo eshatu.

·  Muri sisitemu yo hejuru ya voltage, umukara, orange, cyangwa umuhondo  birashobora kwerekana ibyiciro byinyongera.

 

 Cyera cyangwa Icyatsi 

 

Insinga zidafite  aho zibogamiye zuzuza uruzinduko mugusubiza amashanyarazi kumashanyarazi (mubisanzwe bihujwe na bisi itabogamye mumwanya).

·  Umweru  usanzwe muburyo bwo guturamo kandi bworoshye.

·  Imvi  ziremewe nkubundi buryo muri sisitemu y'imiyoboro.

·  Kutabogama ntibigomba guhuzwa cyangwa guhindurwa  (usibye mubikorwa byihariye byo kugenzura).

 

 Icyatsi kibisi cyangwa umuringa 

 

Insinga zubutaka  (ibikoresho bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma) bitanga inzira irwanya ubukana bwisi kubutaka bwumuriro, birinda ihungabana kandi bigafasha ibikoresho birinda (kumena, GFCIs) gutembera.

·  kibisi cyangwa  Icyatsi icyatsi gifite umurongo wumuhondo  bikoreshwa kumurima.

·  Umuringa wambaye ubusa  usanzwe mu nsinga zidafite ibyuma.

·  Insinga zubutaka ntizigera zikoreshwa mugutwara umuyaga usanzwe.

 

 Inyandiko z'inyongera 

 

·  Muri sisitemu ya DC , umutuku  = mwiza, umukara  = mubi, na cyera cyangwa icyatsi  = ubutaka.

·  Ubururu  bukoreshwa kenshi mugukoresha insinga zishyushye  cyangwa kugenzura imbaraga nke.

·  Kongera kumenya insinga : insinga zera zikoreshwa nkizishyushye zigomba gushyirwaho kaseti yumukara cyangwa umutuku kurangira.

·  Buri gihe ugenzure ukoresheje ibizamini bya voltage  mbere yo gukora - ibara ryonyine ntabwo ari garanti yingufu.

Kode nziza yamabara  igabanya amakosa yo gukoresha insinga, irinda guhungabana, kandi ikanubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano.

 

 Ingano y'amashanyarazi Ingano na Gauges 

 

Ingano y'insinga, igaragara muri AWG (American Wire Gauge)  cyangwa mm² , igena mu buryo butaziguye - umuyoboro ntarengwa insinga ishobora gutwara idashyushye. Umubare muto wa gauge , niko insinga nini  kandi nubushobozi buriho . Ingano ikwiye irinda kugabanuka kwa voltage, kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe, hamwe n’umuriro.

·  14 AWG  (≈ 2,1 mm²): Ikigereranyo cya 15 amps . Bikunze gukoreshwa mu gucana imizunguruko , yumwotsi , hamwe nibisanzwe-byakira  mubyumba cyangwa mubyumba. Uburebure ntarengwa bwumuzingi: ~ 50-75 ft kugirango ugabanye ingufu za voltage.

·  12 AWG  (≈ 3,3 mm²): Ikigereranyo cya amps 20 . Igipimo cyigikoni, ubwiherero, na garage yakira , ibikoresho bito , hamwe nimyenda yo kumesa . Bisabwa na code kuri 120 V, 20 Inzira zishami.

·  10 AWG  (≈ 5.3 mm²): Ikigereranyo cya 30 amps . Ikoreshwa kumashanyarazi yamashanyarazi , idirishya ibyuma , bifata amashanyarazi , hamwe na subpanels . Ibyingenzi kubububasha bukomeye 240 V ibikoresho.

 

 Amabwiriza y'ingenzi 

 

·  Koresha imbonerahamwe ya NEC  (urugero, Imbonerahamwe 310.16) ukurikije ubwoko bwokwirinda (60 ° C, 75 ° C, 90 ° C), ibikoresho byayobora (umuringa na aluminium), nubushyuhe bwibidukikije.

·  Insinga ya Aluminium  isaba kuzamuka  (urugero, 10 AWG Al = 12 AWG Cu kuri amps imwe).

·  Kubiruka birebire  (> 50 ft), ubare igitonyanga cya voltage  (≤3% bisabwa).

·  Gukabya  ni byiza kandi bitezimbere imikorere; gushimangira bitera  ubushyuhe bukabije ningendo zo kumena.

 

Buri gihe uhuze insinga zapima kugirango ucike ingano nuburemere bwibisabwa  kugirango umutekano ube wubahirizwa.

 

 Gusaba o f Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi 

 

Insinga z'amashanyarazi ni ngombwa mu nzego zinyuranye, zifasha gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, kohereza ibimenyetso, no kugenzura sisitemu. Igishushanyo cyabo - ibikoresho byuyobora, kubika, no kuboneza - byashizweho kugirango bihuze imikorere yihariye, umutekano, nibidukikije.

 

 Amashanyarazi 

 

Imbaraga zo kumurika, kwakirwa, guhinduranya, hamwe nibikoresho byo murugo mumazu no mubyumba.

·  Koresha umugozi wa NM-B  (12–14 AWG umuringa) kumuzunguruko wamashami 120 V.

·  Shigikira GFCI / AFCI kurinda , sisitemu yo murugo ifite ubwenge , hamwe no kumurika LED.

·  Iremeza kubahiriza amategeko y’ibanze y’amashanyarazi ya buri munsi.

 

 Sisitemu yinganda 

 

Gutwara moteri, generator, pompe, PLC, hamwe nimashini ziremereye muruganda nibihingwa.

 

·  Akoresha THHN / THWN  mumuyoboro, umugozi wa MC , cyangwa umugozi wa tray  (6 AWG nini).

·  Gukoresha amashanyarazi arenze , 480 V ibyiciro bitatu , byimikorere ihindagurika (VFDs) , nibihe bibi  (ubushyuhe, amavuta, vibrasiya).

·  Irasaba gukingira  n'intwaro . kugirango ubudahangarwa bw'urusaku no gukingira imashini

 

 Amashanyarazi 

 

Ihuza bateri, amatara, sensor, ECUs, infotainment, hamwe nimbaraga zamashanyarazi (EV).

 

·  Koresha umuringa uhagaze, usize amabuye  hamwe na insulasiyo ihuza  (urugero, TXL, GXL) kugirango ihindurwe kandi irwanye ruswa.

·  Ikora mubushyuhe bukabije  (−40 ° C kugeza kuri 125 ° C), kunyeganyega, no guhura n'amazi.

·  Gushyigikira CAN bus , LIN , hamwe ninsinga nini za orange-jacked insinga  muri Hybride / EV.

 

 Itumanaho 

 

Kohereza amajwi, amakuru, videwo, hamwe nibimenyetso bya Broadband mu miyoboro n'ibikorwa remezo.

 

·  Harimo coaxial (RG-6)  kuri tereviziyo ya televiziyo / interineti, byombi bigoramye (Cat5e / 6 / 6A)  kuri Ethernet, na fibre optique  (idafite amashanyarazi ariko ikunze guhuzwa).

·  Irasaba ubushobozi buke , bwo gukingira , hamwe no guhuza  (50 Ω cyangwa 75 Ω) kugirango byihute, imikorere-igihombo gito.

·  Ikoreshwa yubatswe , mumirongo ya terefone , hamwe na sitasiyo ya 5G.

  

 Nigute wahitamo umugozi wamashanyarazi ukwiye 

 

Guhitamo insinga y'amashanyarazi ikwiye itanga umutekano, gukora neza, no kwizerwa igihe kirekire. Buri gihe usuzume porogaramu n'ibidukikije mbere yo kugura. Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma:

 

 Ubushobozi bwa none (Ampacity) 

 

Umugozi ugomba gutwara neza ibyateganijwe byateganijwe nta bushyuhe bukabije.

 

·  Reba imbonerahamwe ya ampacity  (urugero, NEC Imbonerahamwe 310.16) ukurikije igipimo cya wire, ibikoresho byuyobora, hamwe nu rutonde.

·  Urugero: 14 AWG umuringa (15 A), 12 AWG (20 A), 10 AWG (30 A).

·  Ibintu mumitwaro ikomeza  (amasaha 3+): derate kugeza 80% byamanikwa.

 

 Ikigereranyo cya voltage 

 

Kwikingira bigomba kwihanganira sisitemu ya voltage hamwe numutekano.

 

·  300 V : Amatara maremare cyangwa amashanyarazi.

·  600 V : Igipimo cya 120/240 V insinga zo guturamo nubucuruzi.

·  1.000 V cyangwa irenga : izuba, amashanyarazi ya EV, cyangwa ibiryo byinganda.

·  Kutagabanura imbaraga za voltage rishobora kugabanuka no kugabanuka.

 

 Ubwoko bw'ubwishingizi 

 

Ibikoresho bitandukanye bitanga ubushyuhe bwihariye, ubukanishi, na chimique:

 

·  PVC : Igiciro-cyiza, flame-retardant; byiza ahantu humye / hatose (THHN, NM-B).

·  XLPE : Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe; byiza byo gukoresha neza cyangwa munsi y'ubutaka (XHHW, UF).

·  Rubber / Thermoset : Biroroshye kandi biramba; ikoreshwa mumigozi yimukanwa (SOOW, SJT).

·  Huza ubwishingizi nubushyuhe , , bwubushyuhe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti.

 

 Ibidukikije 

 

Urubuga rwo kwishyiriraho rugena ibintu bisabwa birinda:

 

·  Kuma mu nzu : Umugozi wa THHN cyangwa NM.

·  Itose / Igicucu : THWN, XHHW, cyangwa UF.

·  Imirasire y'izuba itaziguye : ikoti irwanya UV (urugero, UF, USE-2).

·  Gushyingura : Gushyingura-byerekanwe (UF) cyangwa imiyoboro irinzwe.

·  Inganda : Ubwoko bwamavuta, ibirwanisho, cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

·  Ibice byangirika : Umuringa usizwe cyangwa amakoti adasanzwe.

 

 Ibipimo byumutekano hamwe nimpamyabumenyi 

 

Gusa koresha insinga zitondekanijwe kandi zashyizweho ninzego zipima zizwi:

 

·  UL , CSA , cyangwa ibimenyetso bya ETL  byemeza kubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano.

·  Kurikiza kode y'amashanyarazi yaho  (urugero, NEC, CEC, IEC).

·  Kugenzura ibipimo by'umuriro  (FT1, FT4) n'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe  (60 ° C, 75 ° C, 90 ° C).

·  Irinde ibicuruzwa byiganano cyangwa bidahujwe - bitera umuriro ningaruka zo guhungabana.

 

Impanuro:  Kubiruka birebire, ubare voltage igabanuka (≤3% bisabwa). Koresha insinga zahagaritswe kugirango zihindurwe kandi zikomeye kugirango zirangire. Mugihe udashidikanya, baza amashanyarazi abifitemo uruhushya cyangwa reba ibitabo byemewe bya kode.

 

 Inama z'umutekano zo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi 

 

Gukoresha amashanyarazi birashobora guteza akaga iyo bidakozwe neza, biganisha ku guhungabana, umuriro, cyangwa ibikoresho byangiritse. Buri gihe shyira imbere umutekano ukurikiza kode y'amashanyarazi yaho (urugero, NEC muri Amerika) no kugisha inama abahanga mugihe ushidikanya. Hasi nurutonde rwagutse rwinama zingenzi:

 

·  Buri gihe uzimye amashanyarazi mbere yo gukora insinga iyo ari yo yose.  Shakisha icyuma nyamukuru cyangwa agasanduku ka fuse hanyuma uzimye uruziga. Koresha igeragezwa ridahuza voltage kugirango wemeze ko amashanyarazi yazimye - na nyuma yo guhinduranya ibintu. Funga kandi ushireho icyuho kugirango wirinde impanuka.

 

·  Ntuzigere urenza imizunguruko cyangwa ngo ukoreshe insinga zidafite umurongo.  Kubara umutwaro (amps) kumuzunguruko hanyuma uyihuze nu gipimo cya wire (urugero, 14 AWG kumirongo 15-amp, 12 AWG kuri 20-amp). Kurenza urugero bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi; koresha formula: Imbaraga (W) = Umuvuduko (V) × Ibiriho (A) inyandiko {Imbaraga (W)} = umwandiko {Umuvuduko (V)} inshuro inyandiko {Ibiriho (A)} Imbaraga (W) = Umuvuduko (V) × Ibiriho (A) Kumuzingo usanzwe wa 120V, guma munsi ya 80% yumurongo wamacakubiri kumitwaro ikomeza (urugero, 12A max) kuri 15A.

 

Kugenzura insinga buri gihe  ibimenyetso byangiritse cyangwa kwambara.  Reba gucikamo ibice, gucamo ibara, cyangwa kwangirika. Reba aho uhurira, aho usohokera, nibikoresho buri kwezi. Simbuza ibice byangiritse ako kanya - umuringa ugaragara urashobora gucana no gutwika ibikoresho biri hafi.

 

·  Koresha umuhuza nibikoresho bikwiye mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho.  Koresha insinga, insinga zihuza, cyangwa imirongo ya terefone yagenwe kubwoko bw'insinga (urugero, umuringa cyangwa aluminium). Shyira insinga kuburebure nyabwo (mubisanzwe ½ - ¾ inch) ukoresheje umugozi winsinga. Irinde kaseti yonyine kubice; torque screw kubakora ibicuruzwa kugirango birinde guhuza.

 

·  Koresha amashanyarazi abifitemo uruhushya rwo gukora imishinga igoye.  Ibi birimo imirongo mishya, kuzamura paneli, cyangwa gukorera ahantu hatose / huzuye. DIY nibyiza kubikorwa byoroshye nko gusimbuza ibicuruzwa, ariko ibyiza byemeza kubahiriza no gutanga ubwishingizi.

 

 Inama zingenzi 

 

·  Hindura imirongo yose uko yakabaye.  Huza insinga zo hasi (zambaye ubusa cyangwa icyatsi) kuri bisi yo hasi mumwanya. Koresha ahacururizwa GFCI mugikoni, mu bwiherero, no hanze kugirango ugende ku makosa yubutaka.

 

·  Kora mubihe byumye kandi wambare PPE.  Koresha ibikoresho byabigenewe, inkweto za rubber, hamwe nikirahure cyumutekano. Komeza ahantu hatarimo amazi.

 

·  Andika insinga hamwe na paneli neza.  Shyira ikimenyetso gishyushye (umukara / umutuku), utabogamye (cyera), ninsinga zubutaka kugirango byoroshye kumenyekana.

 

Kugerageza  neza.  Nyuma yakazi, koresha multimeter kugirango ugenzure ubudahwema, voltage, na polarite. Shyiramo ibyuma byerekana umwotsi / CO hafi yumuriro wamashanyarazi.

 

·  Kurikiza amabara yerekana amabara no gutandukana.  Gumana insinga nkeya (urugero, data) insinga byibura santimetero 12 uhereye kuri voltage nyinshi kugirango wirinde kwivanga.

 

Gukurikiza izi nama birinda umutekano kandi birinda umuriro w'amashanyarazi, utera inkongi z'umuriro zirenga 50.000 buri mwaka muri Amerika yonyine (ku makuru ya NFPA). Niba udashidikanya, hagarara uhamagare pro-amashanyarazi ntababarira amakosa.

 

 

 Ibyiza byo gukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi 

 

Gushora mu nsinga zidasanzwe z'amashanyarazi - nk'umuringa utagira ogisijeni (OFC), umuringa wacuzwe, cyangwa PVC / THHN yo mu rwego rwo hejuru - bitanga inyungu z'igihe kirekire kuruta ubundi buryo buhendutse. Izi nsinga zujuje ubuziranenge (urugero, UL, CSA, cyangwa IEC) kandi zikora neza mugihe uhangayitse. Dore ibyiza by'ingenzi:

 

·  Ubuzima Burebure: Kurwanya ruswa no kwambara.  Insinga zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zikoresha imiyoboro yumuringa isukuye hamwe nigihe kirekire (urugero, polyethylene / XLPE cyangwa ihuza thermoplastique). Barwanya okiside, ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, hamwe no gukuramo umubiri. Urugero : Umuringa usizwe urinda kwangirika kwicyatsi kibisi; ubwiza bwubwiza bumara imyaka 30-50 + imyaka 10-15 kuri PVC yo murwego rwo hasi.

 

·  Gukora neza: Kugabanya gutakaza ingufu no kunoza imikorere.  Kurwanya hasi (gupimwa muri ohms kuri 1.000 ft) bivuze imbaraga nke zidakoreshwa nkubushyuhe. Inzira : Gutakaza Imbaraga (W) = I2 × R inyandiko {Gutakaza Imbaraga (W)} = I ^ 2 inshuro RPower Gutakaza (W) = I2 × R aho III iriho kandi RRR irwanya. Umuringa ufite isuku nyinshi ufite ~ 10-15% birwanya ubukana kurenza insinga zongeye gukoreshwa cyangwa aluminiyumu-bigabanya, kugabanya umuvuduko wa voltage hamwe no kongera ubushyuhe-ni ingenzi cyane kumashanyarazi maremare cyangwa ibikoresho biremereye cyane.

 

·  Umutekano wongerewe imbaraga: Irinda ihungabana n'imirongo migufi.  Kwirinda birenze urugero (byapimwe 600V +) hamwe na jacketi ya flame-retardant (urugero, FR-EP) bigabanya amakosa ya arc no gushonga. Insinga ebyiri cyangwa izikingiye zirinda imigezi. Ukuri : Gukoresha insinga mbi bitera ~ 28.000 umuriro murugo buri mwaka (NFPA). Intsinga nziza zifite igipimo cyiza cya ampacity irinde gushyuha no gushonga.

 

·  Kuzigama Ibiciro: Kugabanya kubungabunga no gusimbuza ibikenewe.  Nubwo igiciro cyambere kiri hejuru ya 20-50%, uzigama kuri:

o  Gusana gake / gusimburwa

o  Amafaranga yo hasi yingufu (kubera imikorere)

o  Irinde kwangirika kwumuriro cyangwa kwishingira ubwishingizi ROI Urugero : Kuzamura amadorari 200 mugukoresha insinga zurugo birashobora kuzigama $ 500 + ingufu no gusana mumyaka 20.

 

 Inyungu za Bonus 

 

·  Ibyiza Byibimenyetso Byiza  (kubijyanye namakuru / insinga z'urusobe): Shielded Cat6A / Cat7 igabanya kwivanga (kwambukiranya, EMI).

 

·  Kurwanya Ibidukikije : Irwanya UV, irwanya amavuta, cyangwa insinga zashyinguwe mu buryo butaziguye zikoreshwa hanze cyangwa zikoreshwa mu nganda.

 

·  Kwubahiriza Kode & Kugurisha Agaciro : Yujuje ibipimo bya NEC / IEC; abagenzuzi n'abaguzi bizera ikirango, cyemewe.

 

Intsinga nziza ntizitezimbere imikorere gusa ahubwo inizeza igihe kirekire kwizerwa, umutekano, namahoro yo mumutima. Buri gihe ugenzure ibimenyetso (urugero, 'THHN 12 AWG CU ') hanyuma ugure kubatanga isoko bazwi. Umugozi uhendutse nubukungu bwibinyoma-kwishyura ubu cyangwa kwishyura byinshi nyuma.