Kodi CNC Spindle Motor Ikhoza Kukonzedwa? Zolakwa Zofanana Ndi Zothetsera

Mawu Oyamba

Kuyimitsidwa kwadzidzidzi pamzere wanu wopanga ndizovuta kwa katswiri wamakina aliyense. Nthawi zambiri, woyambitsa nthawiyi ndi CNC Spindle Motor yolephera. Imakhala ngati mtima wamakina anu amphero, mayendedwe, kapena chosema. Ikasiya kugwira ntchito, shopu yanu yonse imayima mopanda mantha. Izi zikutifikitsa ku funso lovuta, lofotokoza bajeti: Kodi mungathe kukonza CNC Spindle Motor, kapena muyenera kugula ina yokwera mtengo?

Yankho lalifupi ndi inde. Zolakwika zambiri, kuyambira pa screeching mayendedwe mpaka mafupi amagetsi, zimatha kukonzedwa. Kusankha katswiri womanganso kungakupulumutseni mpaka 50% kapena 70% ya mtengo wogula chipangizo chatsopano. Komabe, kuchita bwino kukonzanso kumeneku kumafuna kumvetsetsa mozama za zomwe zidalakwika, momwe mungadziwire vutolo, komanso ngati kuli koyenera kulowererapo. Muupangiri wozamawu, tifotokoza njira zenizeni zodziwira zolakwika, kukhazikitsa njira zothetsera, ndikutalikitsa moyo wamakina anu othamanga kwambiri.

Kodi CNC Spindle Motor Yanu Ikhoza Kukonzedwa?

Musanawononge madola masauzande ambiri pa chipangizo chatsopano, muyenera kuwunika kuthekera komanganso zida zanu zamakono. Makina olondola nthawi zonse amatha kubwezeretsedwa kuzinthu zamafakitale ngati mutakumana ndi vutoli mwadongosolo.

Kusanthula kwa Mtengo wa Phindu la Kukonzanso kwa Spindle

CNC Spindle Motor yapamwamba kwambiri imayimira ndalama zambiri. Kutaya gawo lomangidwanso ndikuwononga kwakukulu kwazinthu.

• Lamulo la 50%: Akatswiri amakampani nthawi zambiri amatsatira lamulo losavuta. Ngati mtengo wokonzekera uli pansi pa 50% ya mtengo wa spindle yatsopano, kukonza ndiye njira yomveka bwino.

• Ubwino Wanthawi Yotsogola: Kuyitanitsa injini yatsopano yapadera nthawi zina kumatha kutenga milungu kapena miyezi chifukwa chotsalira. Malo ogulitsira ovomerezeka am'deralo amatha kumanganso injini yanu pang'onopang'ono nthawi imeneyo, kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yotsika mtengo yogwirira ntchito yanu.

• Kupulumutsidwa Kwazinthu: Nthawi zambiri zolephera, zigawo zochepa zamkati zokha zimawonongeka. Nyumba zokhala ndi zitsulo zolemera, shaft yapakati, ndi mafunde ovuta a stator nthawi zambiri amakhala osasunthika. Kusintha magawo ang'onoang'ono otha kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza zofunikira pazambiri zanu zoyambira.

Nthawi Yoyenera Kusankha Kumanganso Kuposa Kugula Kwatsopano

Sikuti kuwonongeka konse kumapangidwa mofanana. Kumvetsetsa mzere wogawanitsa pakati pa kukonza kosavuta ndi kusinthidwa kwathunthu ndikofunikira pamunsi wanu.

• Kuwonongeka Kwambiri Kwamapangidwe: Ngati makina anu akumana ndi ngozi yowopsa yomwe idapindikiza tsinde lalikulu la rotor kuti lisathe kukonzedwa, mwina pangafunike kusintha. Kupanganso shaft yopindika kuti igwirizane ndi ma micron ofunikira ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa chipangizo chatsopano.

• Kusungunuka Kwambiri kwa Stator: Kachidule kakang'ono kamagetsi kamagetsi kakhoza kukonzedwa pobwezeretsanso. Komabe, ngati matenthedwe akuchulukirachulukira kotero kuti amasungunula nyumba yamkati kapena kupotoza zomangira zapakati, kukhulupirika kwapangidwe kumatayika.

• Zitsanzo Zachikale: Ngati mumayendetsa makina akale, wopanga choyambirira sangapangenso mayunitsi olowa m'malo. Muzochitika izi, kumanganso si njira yotsika mtengo; ndiye njira yanu yokhayo kuti makinawo azigwira ntchito.

Kulephera Kwambiri: Zowopsa Kwambiri za CNC Spindle Motor

Ngati makina anu akupanga phokoso lokweza kwambiri kapena akutentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti mukulephera kupirira. Ma bearings amatenga gawo lalikulu la katundu wakuthupi panthawi yodula kwambiri. Pakapita nthawi, amawonongeka mosalekeza pansi pa kupsinjika kosalekeza kwa mphamvu yozungulira komanso kuipitsidwa.

Zizindikiro za Diagnostic of Worn Bearings

Mutha kuzindikira mayendedwe olephera asanagwire kwathunthu ndikuwononga zida zina zamkati.

• Kung’ung’udza kapena kubuula momveka: Kukhala wathanzi CNC Spindle Motor imagwira ntchito ndi mawu osalala, ngati hum. Mukamva kugwedezeka kwachitsulo koopsa, kugunda, kapena kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwambiri, njira zojambulira zaphwanyidwa kapena zatha.

• Kutentha Kwambiri Kwambiri: Gwirani nyumba ya spindle pakapita nthawi yochepa. Ngati ikumva kutentha pakukhudza, ma bearings amatulutsa kukangana kwakukulu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa chosowa mafuta odzola kapena kumangika mopitilira muyeso.

• Kuchuluka kwa Spindle Runout: Zovala zotha zimalola shaft kusuntha mtunda wautali. Izi zimawoneka ngati kutha kwapamwamba pazida zanu zogwirira ntchito, zida zodulira zosweka, ndi zolakwika zamitundumitundu.

Njira Yosinthira Pagawo ndi Gawo

Kusintha mayendedwe olondola a spindle si ntchito ya nyundo yokhazikika ndi wrench. Pamafunika malo aukhondo ndi zida zapadera kuti zisunge kulondola kwa sub-micron.

1. Kuchotsa Koyera: Tsukani kunja kwa injini bwino musanaphwasule kuti dothi lisalowe m'nyumba. Gwiritsani ntchito makina osindikizira a hydraulic kuti musunthe pang'onopang'ono gulu la rotor shaft kunja kwa thupi la stator.

2. Kuyeza Kudzaza Kwambiri ndi Ma Spacers: Dziwani komwe kumayenderana ndi ma bearings omwe alipo. Iwo ali ofanana mawiri. Muyenera kuyeza mphete za spacer mosamala; iwo amalamulira preload mphamvu pa mayendedwe atsopano.

3. Kuyika Ma Bearings Atsopano: Osagunda ma bearings atsopano ndi nyundo. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito chotenthetsera chotenthetsera kuti muwonjezere mphete yamkati ya ma beya atsopano pang'ono. Kenako amatsetsereka pa shaft ya rotor yoziziritsa bwino. Zikazizira, zimachepera kuti zigwirizane bwino.

4. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta: Pakani kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito syringe yoyera. Mafuta ochepa kwambiri amachititsa kuti anthu azivala msanga; mafuta ochuluka amalepheretsa kutentha ndipo amachititsa kuti ma bearings azitentha kwambiri panthawi yothamanga kwambiri.

Zowonongeka Zamagetsi: Kuzindikira Mavuto a Stator ndi Insulation

Ngakhale zida zamphamvu zamakina sizingagwire ntchito popanda mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika. CNC Spindle Motor yanu imadalira mafunde amagetsi othamanga kwambiri omwe amadutsa pamakoyilo amkuwa mkati mwa stator. Ngati makolawa awonongeka, galimoto yanu idzayimitsidwa, kuyambitsa zolakwika pagalimoto, kapena kuyendetsa magalimoto oyendetsa dera lanu.

Kuzindikiritsa Maulendo Afupiafupi Amagetsi ndi Malo Otseguka

Pakachitika vuto lamagetsi, variable frequency drive (VFD) yomwe imayang'anira spindle yanu nthawi zambiri imawonetsa zolakwika ngati 'Overcurrent' kapena 'Ground Fault.' Mutha kudziwa izi pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera.

• Kuyesa kwa Insulation Resistance Testing (Megger Test): Multimeter wamba sikokwanira kupeza ming'alu yaing'ono pakutchinjiriza waya. Timagwiritsa ntchito Megohmmeter kuti tigwiritse ntchito magetsi apamwamba (nthawi zambiri 500V kapena 1000V) pakati pa ma windings a injini ndi pansi. Ngati kukana kuli pansi pa 100 Megohms, kutchinjiriza kwanu kukulephereka, kulola kuti kutayikira kwapano.

• Kufananitsa kwa Gawo-kukanika: Gwiritsani ntchito ma multimeter a digito kuti muyeze kukana kwa ma terminals onse atatu (U mpaka V, V mpaka W, W mpaka U). Miyezo iyenera kukhala yofanana (mkati mwa 1% mpaka 2% ya wina ndi mnzake). Kusiyana kwakukulu kumawonetsa koyilo yofupikitsa kapena waya wosweka mkati mwa stator.

• Kuyang'ana Kowoneka Kwa Zizindikiro Zowotcha: Tsegulani bokosi loyang'ana ndikuwunika malekezero a stator. Mukawona kuphulika kwakuda, mkuwa wosungunuka, kapena kununkhiza koyera, fungo la pulasitiki lopserera, zozungulirazo zawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha.

Kusokoneza Njira Yobwezeretsa Magalimoto

Ngati stator yafupikitsidwa, simuyenera kuwononga injini. Mukhoza kuchita katswiri stator rewind kubwezeretsa mphamvu yake yamagetsi.

1. Kuvula Ziphuphu Zakale: Katswiri amayika stator yomwe yawonongeka mkati mwa uvuni wowotcha. Kutentha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti vanishi akale asungunuke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti waya wakale wamkuwa atulutsidwe mosavuta popanda kuwononga pachimake chachitsulo chozungulira.

2. Kubwezeretsanso Ma Koyilo a Copper: Pogwiritsa ntchito makina okhotakhota olondola, wogwiritsa ntchito amakonzanso masinthidwe a ma coil, mawerengedwe otembenuka, ndi machesi a mawaya a kapangidwe koyambirira.

3. Insulation Insulation: Tsegulani pepala lotenthetsera kwambiri mumipata ya stator. Izi zimagwira ngati chotchinga chakuthupi pakati pa zitsulo zamkuwa ndi pakati pazitsulo.

4. Kuviika kwa Vanishi ndi Kuphika: Zoyala zatsopano zikakhazikika, sungani gulu lonselo mu vanishi wapamwamba kwambiri. Kuphika mu uvuni kuchiza. Izi zimatsekereza chinyezi, zimakhazikika mawaya mwakuthupi, komanso zimawonjezera kutentha.

Kulephera kwa Njira Yoziziritsira ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Kutentha Kwambiri

Kutentha ndiye mdani wamkulu wa CNC Spindle Motor. Zochita zothamanga kwambiri zimapanga kukangana kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwamagetsi. Kuziziritsa kwanu kukakanika, kutentha kwa mkati kumakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndikuwononga maberelo anu onse ndi kutsekereza magetsi.

Zovala Zoziziritsa M'madzi motsutsana ndi Kulephera kwa Mafani Oziziritsa M'mlengalenga

Kutengera kapangidwe ka makina anu, spindle yanu imakhazikika ndi mpweya wokakamizidwa kapena ndi madzi. Kapangidwe kalikonse kali ndi mfundo zake zolephera zapadera zomwe zimafuna njira zothetsera kukonzanso.

• Zopangira Zamadzimadzi Zozizira (Zozizira za Madzi): Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito ngalande zamadzi zamkati zomwe zimakulungidwa mozungulira nyumba ya stator. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mchere, algae, kapena dzimbiri zimatha kutseka njira zopapatizazi. Izi zimalepheretsa madzi kutuluka ndipo zimayambitsa kutentha kwambiri.

• Ma Spindle Oziziritsidwa ndi Mpweya: Mitundu iyi imadalira chofanizira choyendetsedwa ndi shaft kapena chotengera chamagetsi chodziyimira pawokha kuti chiwuze mpweya pazipsepse zoziziritsa. Fumbi, nkhungu zamafuta, ndi zitsulo zachitsulo zimatha kulongedza m'zipsepsezo, zomwe zimakhala ngati bulangeti lotsekera lomwe limatsekera kutentha mkati.

• Kuopsa kwa Condensation: M'makina oziziritsidwa ndi madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito koziziritsa kuzizira kwambiri kungayambitse kukhazikika mkati mwa nyumba yamagalimoto. Chinyezichi chimatha kudonthokera pamakoyilo amagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yayifupi.

Kubwezeretsa Zigawo Zowonongeka Chifukwa cha Thermally

Ngati kuzirala kwanu kwalephera ndikuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri, muyenera kutsatira njira yobwezeretsa.

1. Kuyeretsa Ngalande Zotsekeka: Pazitsulo zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi, tsitsani ngalande zamkati ndi njira yochepetsera kuti musungunule ma depositi a mchere. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka ndi madzi aukhondo pambuyo pake kuti muyimitse dzimbiri zilizonse za jekete lozizira la aluminiyamu.

2. Kuyeretsa ndi Kuchotsa Zipsepse Zamphepo: Limbani ngalande za mpweya ndi mpweya wouma wouma. Gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mafuta pang'ono kuti musungunule zotsalira zamafuta zomwe zimakopa fumbi ndi zinyalala.

3. Kutsimikizira kwa Insulation: Nthawi zonse yesani kuyesa kwa Megger pambuyo pa chochitika chilichonse chotentha kwambiri. Izi zimatsimikizira ngati kutentha kunawononga kotsekera kotsekera.

4. Zowonjezera Zozizira: Kuti mupewe zovuta zamtsogolo, tikupangira kuti muyike sensor yothamanga komanso zosefera zamkati. Zida izi zimangoyimitsa pulogalamu yanu ya CNC ngati choziziritsa chikasiya kuyenda, kuteteza spindle kuti isawonongeke.

Kusalongosoka Kwamakina, Kutha Kwa Shaft, ndi Kubwezeretsanso Balance

A CNC Spindle Motor imagwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri, nthawi zina kuposa 24,000 RPM. Pakuthamanga uku, ngakhale kusalinganika kocheperako pang'ono kapena kusayenda bwino kwa thupi kungapangitse mphamvu zazikulu zapakati. Izi zimabweretsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu, kusalondola bwino kwa makina, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu mwachangu.

Ma Mechanics a Shaft Runout ndi Precision Tolerances

Shaft runout imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa shaft ya rotor yomwe imapatuka kuchoka pakatikati pake pomwe ikuzungulira.

• Kuthamanga Kwambiri: Ikani chizindikiro choyimba cholondola kwambiri (chokhala ndi 0.001mm increments) motsutsana ndi mkati mwa taper ya spindle. Tembenuzani tsinde ndi dzanja. Kusuntha kulikonse pa kuyimba kumayimira kutha. Pa mphero yabwino, kuthamanga kuyenera kukhala pansi pa 0.005mm (5 microns).

• Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kutha: Kutha nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zida, kuvala kosagwirizana pa tepi, kapena kupindika pang'ono.

• Kukonzekera kwa Taper: Ngati taper yamkati yawonongeka kapena yatha, simuyenera kusintha shaft. Katswiri amatha kugaya tepiyo pomwe chopikocho chimayikidwa mu mayendedwe ake. Izi zimabwezeretsa kukhazikika kwangwiro kogwirizana ndi mayendedwe ozungulira.

Njira Zofananira Zamphamvu za Spindle Zothamanga Kwambiri

Kuyika static-kulinganiza spindle sikokwanira kuti munthu azigwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri. Muyenera kuyisintha mokhazikika pamene ikuzungulira pa liwiro lake.

1. Kusanthula kwa Vibration: Gwirizanitsani ma accelerometers ku nyumba ya spindle. Sinthani injiniyo kuti ifulumire ndikusanthula mafunde akugwedezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera.

2. Kuzindikira Malo Olemera: Pulogalamuyi imawerengera ndendende ngodya ndi kulemera kwa kusalinganika.

3. Kusintha Kulemera: Akatswiri amalinganiza tsinde pochotsa zinthu zazing'ono (pobowola timabowo tating'onoting'ono m'malo osakhazikika) kapena kuwonjezera tizitsulo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.

4. Kutsimikizira Kuthamanga: Bwerezani ndondomekoyi mpaka milingo yogwedezeka itatsike m'magulu ovomerezeka (nthawi zambiri magiredi a G1 kapena G0.4). Kuchita bwino kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti zida zanu zodulira zimadulidwa bwino popanda kugwedezeka.

Njira Zodzitetezera Zothetsera Kukonzekera Kwamtsogolo

Kukonza kotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi komwe simuyenera kupanga. Pokhazikitsa dongosolo loletsa kuteteza, mutha kukulitsa nthawi ya moyo wa CNC Spindle Motor yanu ndikupewa kuyimitsidwa kosayembekezereka.

Tsatanetsatane Woyendera Tsiku ndi Sabata

Osadikirira kuti ulusi wanu ulephereke musanayambe kumvetsera. Macheke ang'onoang'ono tsiku lililonse amatha kukupulumutsirani masauzande a madola pakukonza mwadzidzidzi.

• Mvetserani Pamene Mukuyamba: Pindani spindle pa liwiro lotsika m'mawa uliwonse. Mvetserani mwatcheru pamawu aliwonse akudina, kuyimba mluzu, kapena kunjenjemera.

• Yang'anani Mulingo Wozizirira: Pazida zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi, onetsetsani kuti choziziritsa kuzizira chadzaza ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi zoyera, zosaipitsidwa komanso kuti mphamvu ya pampu ili mkati mwanthawi zonse.

• Sungani Taper Yaukhondo: Pukuta chopingira chamkati ndi nsalu yoyera, yopanda lint komanso mafuta opepuka oletsa dzimbiri tsiku lililonse. Izi zimawonetsetsa kuti zida zanu zimakhala bwino bwino, kupewa kutha.

• Monitor Air Pressure: Pazitsulo zosindikizira za pneumatic-seal, fufuzani ngati kusefera kwa mpweya ndi makina owumitsa akugwira ntchito. Ngati mpweya wonyowa ulowa mu spindle, umawononga mayendedwe mkati mwa milungu ingapo.

Ma Parameter Oyenerera Ogwiritsa Ntchito Kuti Muwonjezere Utali Wamoyo Wa Spindle

Momwe mumayendetsa makina anu zimakhudza momwe zigawo zake zidzakhalire. Pewani kukankhira zida zanu mpaka malire ake kwa nthawi yayitali.

1. Spindle Warm-up Cycle: Osathamangitsa spindle yozizira mpaka 24,000 RPM nthawi yomweyo. Pangani pulogalamu yachidule yotenthetsera ya mphindi 10 yomwe imawonjezera liwiro pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimathandiza kuti mafuta azitenthedwa ndikugawa mofanana kudzera muzitsulo, kuteteza kutentha kwa kutentha.

2. Pewani Kuthamanga Kwambiri Kwambiri Kumathamanga: Ngakhale injini yanu ingakhale ndi mphamvu ya 15kW, kuyendetsa pa 100% mosalekeza kumapangitsa kutentha kwambiri. Yesetsani kusunga ntchito mosalekeza pansi pa 80% ya kuchuluka kwake komwe kudavotera.

3. Kulinganiza Koyenera kwa Zida: Onetsetsani kuti zida zanu ndi zida zodulira zidavotera kuthamanga komwe mukuthamanga. Chogwirizira chida chosakhazikika chimangowononga ma bere a spindle monga momwe shaft yopindika yopindika.

Mapeto

Makina anu akawonongeka, kumbukirani kuti CNC Spindle Motor yosweka si zidutswa zachitsulo. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, mutha kubwezeretsa kulondola kwake koyambirira, mphamvu, ndi kudalirika mwa kukonza akatswiri. Polimbana ndi kutha msanga, kuzindikira magetsi olondola, kusunga njira zoziziritsira bwino, komanso kusunga bwino, mutha kudumpha mtengo wogula galimoto yatsopano ndikuwonjezera kubweza kwanu pazachuma.

About Huajiang Spindle

Kwa iwo omwe akufunafuna ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa spindle, upangiri wokonza, ndi zina zowonjezera, Zhonghuajiang Spindle ndi bwenzi lanu lodalirika pamafakitale. Timapanga ndikupanga makina apamwamba kwambiri a CNC Spindle Motors omangidwa kuti athe kupirira malo opangira zinthu ovuta kwambiri. Kaya mukufuna kukwezedwa pamakina anu omwe alipo, zida zosinthira zapadera, kapena malangizo aukadaulo kuti spindle yanu iyende bwino, timapereka mtundu womwe mungadalire.

Onani mndandanda wathu wonse wama spindles othamanga kwambiri komanso ntchito zothandizira potichezera lero pa Huajiang Spindle . Tiloleni tikuthandizeni kuti mizere yanu yopangira ikhale ikuyenda bwino kwambiri.

FAQ

1. Kodi CNC Spindle Motor imatha nthawi yayitali bwanji isanamangidwenso?

M'malo oyera, osamalidwa bwino, ma spindle bearings apamwamba amatha kukhala pakati pa 6,000 ndi 10,000 maola a nthawi yodula. Ngati spindle imawonongeka pafupipafupi, kusazizira bwino, kapena kusalinganiza kwa zida zolemetsa, nthawi ya moyo imatha kutsika kwambiri.

2. Kodi ndingalowe m'malo mwa zitsulo zopotera ndekha m'malo anga ogwirira ntchito?

Pokhapokha mutakhala ndi chipinda choyera, makina osindikizira a hydraulic, choyatsira chotenthetsera, ndi zida zowongolera bwino kwambiri, DIY yokhala ndi m'malo imakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowa m'bokosi panthawi yoyikapo titha kupangitsa kuti izilephereke m'maola ochepa chabe.

3. Ndichite chiyani ndikangowonongeka makina anga a CNC?

Nthawi yomweyo imitsani spindle ndipo musayiyambitsenso. Choyamba, fufuzani chogwiritsira ntchito chida ndi mphuno ya spindle ngati ming'alu kapena kupotoza. Kenako, khazikitsani chizindikiro choyimba ndikuwona kutha kwa shaft. Ngati choponderacho chili chokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira, musamayendetse spindle, chifukwa kupota kungayambitse kuwonongeka kofulumira kwa mayendedwe.

4. Chifukwa chiyani VFD yanga imangowonetsa 'Overcurrent' cholakwika pomwe spindle iyamba?

Vutoli nthawi zambiri limaloza ku vuto lamagetsi mkati mwa CNC Spindle Motor. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kagawo kakang'ono pakati pa ma windings kapena kuwonongeka kwa waya wa stator. Chitani gawo lokana ndi kuyesa kwa insulation kuti muwone komwe kuli lalifupi.

5. Kodi kuziziritsa madzi kuli bwino kuposa kuziziritsa mpweya kwa spindle yothamanga kwambiri?

Zopotera zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi zimapereka kutentha kwapamwamba, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri pa ntchito yodula kwambiri, yopitilira, komanso yolemetsa. Komabe, amafunikira chisamaliro chochulukirapo (zozizira, mapampu, zosefera). Zozungulira zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya ndizosavuta, zosavuta kuziyika, ndipo zimafuna kusamalidwa pang'ono, koma zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha komwe kuli kozungulira.