Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2026-01-09 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Mu maduka menshi, iyo spindle yaka, abantu babifata nkamahirwe. Umunsi umwe, imashini ikata neza, bukeye igenda itabaza, itera urusaku rudasanzwe, cyangwa ntizongera kuzunguruka. Umuntu afungura akabati, impumuro yikintu cyatwitse, umwanzuro uza vuba:
'Spindle yarapfuye. Bibaho. '
Ibyo bisa naho byumvikana - ariko mubisanzwe ni bibi.
Nyuma yo gusenya amagana amagana yananiwe mumyaka, ndashobora kubabwira nizeye: kuzunguruka ntibinanirwa gitunguranye . Birananira buhoro, bucece, kandi byateganijwe cyane. Isenyuka rya nyuma - umwotsi, urugendo rwo kumena, uruzitiro rufunze - nigice cyanyuma cyinkuru imaze ibyumweru cyangwa amezi.
Kera mbere yuko spindle 'ipfa, ' yamaze gusaba ubufasha. Ubushyuhe buke buriyongera. Kunyeganyega byoroshye. Urusaku rwinshi kuri RPM yo hejuru. Ahari VFD igezweho iranyerera, ariko ntanumwe ubibona. Ibi bimenyetso biroroshye kwirengagiza mugihe umusaruro ukeneye gukomeza kugenda. Ariko imbere muri spindle, ibyangiritse bimaze kwegeranya - kwambara kwambara, gusaza kwa insulasi, amavuta aravunika.
Mugihe spindle ihagaze mubyukuri, gutsindwa ntibikiri ikibazo cyo kumenya niba , gusa iyo.
Igitangaje abantu benshi ntabwo aruko spindles yananiwe-nuburyo kunanirwa gusubiramo . Inganda zitandukanye. Ibirango bitandukanye. Imashini zitandukanye. Abakoresha batandukanye. Nyamara iyo ufunguye spindle ukareba ibimenyetso, intandaro iba hafi buri gihe.
Inshuro nyinshi, kunanirwa kwa spindle biza kubibazo bitatu gusa:
Ibibazo byo gusiga
Ibibazo by'amashanyarazi
Kurenza urugero kuri spindle utabizi
Nibyo. Ntabwo ari impamvu icumi. Ntabwo inenge y'uruganda rufite amayobera. Ntabwo 'amahirwe masa. '
Ibikoresho byinshi bya spindle ntibishobora kunanirwa kubera ko bifite ubuziranenge-birananirana kubera ko amavuta yari yibeshye, yanduye, adahagije, cyangwa yarasobanutse neza. Imyenda myinshi ya spindle ntabwo yaka kubera ko umuringa ari mubi-irashya kubera imiterere mibi ya VFD, kutaringaniza imbaraga za voltage, gushyuha cyane, cyangwa guhagarika umutima mugihe runaka. Kandi spindles nyinshi ntabwo 'zifite intege nke ' - zirasunikwa gusa kurenza akazi kabo, umunsi kumunsi, kugeza igihe ikintu gitanze.
Igice kibabaje nuko ayo makosa atuje . Ntabwo bahagarika imashini ako kanya. Bagabanya gusa ubuzima bwa spindle gato buri mwanya. Kandi kubera ko nta kintu gitangaje kibaho mbere, abantu bose bakeka ko ibintu bimeze neza.
Kugeza igihe atari cyo.
Nibyo, gusimbuza cyangwa kubaka spindle birazimvye. Umuntu wese abanza kubona iyo mibare. Ariko ibyangiritse nyabyo ntibikunze kugaragara kuri fagitire - irerekana ahandi hose.
Iyo spindle yananiwe mu buryo butunguranye:
Umusaruro uhagarara ako kanya
Akazi gasubire hasi
Gahunda yo gutanga iratandukana
Abakoresha bahagarara ubusa cyangwa bakoherezwa
Gufata neza ibice
Abakiriya batangira guhamagarira ibishya
Mu maduka menshi, uruziga rumwe rwatwitse rushobora kugura byoroshye inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu igiciro cya spindle mu musaruro wabuze wenyine. Kandi ibyo ntibikubiyemo kohereza byihuse, amasaha y'ikirenga, igihe ntarengwa, cyangwa kwangiriza abakiriya.
Igice kibi cyane? Byinshi muri ibyo bihombo byashoboraga kwirindwa.
Iyo usobanukiwe nimpamvu izunguruka zananirana-mubyukuri zibica mubihe byuruganda-urashobora kubona ibibazo hakiri kare, ugahindura ingeso, kandi ukagura ubuzima bwa spindle kuburyo butangaje. Ntabwo ari ukubyara imashini, ahubwo nukuyikoresha neza.
Niyo mpamvu kumenya impamvu spindle yananiwe ibintu birenze kumenya kumenya amafaranga bisaba kuyasimbuza.
Abantu benshi babona gusa spindle nka moteri izunguruka igikoresho. Uhereye hanze, birasa byoroshye: fungura, shiraho RPM, tangira gukata. Ariko imbere muriyo nzu yicyuma nikimwe mubintu byibanze cyane, bitababarira muri mashini yose.
Spindle ntabwo izunguruka gusa - irwanya physics umunsi wose.
Abantu bakunda gushinja RPM.
'Iyi spindle ikora kuri 18,000… 24,000… 30.000 RPM. Birumvikana ko byananiranye. '
Uwo ni umwanzuro woroshye - ariko wabuze icyo usobanura.
Umuvuduko mwinshi wonyine ntabwo wica spindles. Niba yarabikoze, spindles yananiwe kwicara ubusa kuri RPM yuzuye, kandi sibyo. Umwanzi nyawe ni precision munsi yumutwaro.
Imbere ya spindle, ibyuma bikorana na microscopique - bipimirwa muri microne, ntabwo milimetero. Ku muvuduko mwinshi, ibintu byose bifite akamaro:
Impirimbanyi
Kubyara preload
Amavuta ya firime
Amashanyarazi
Kwibanda ku bikoresho
Noneho ongeraho imbaraga zo gukata kuringaniza. Mugihe igikoresho gikoresha ibintu, imirasire hamwe na axial imitwaro isunika kuri ibyo biti ubudahwema. Niba hari ikintu cyacitse gato - kutaringaniza, gusiga amavuta, kugoreka imbaraga za voltage - icyo kibazo gito cyiyongera inshuro ibihumbi kumunota.
Kuri 24,000 RPM, ntakintu nkikibazo 'gito '. Gitoya irasenya vuba cyane.
Bitandukanye nibikoresho byinshi byimashini, spindle ntabwo ikora kukibazo kimwe icyarimwe.
Gearbox ikora cyane cyane itara.
Moteri ahanini ikora imitwaro y'amashanyarazi.
Imirongo ngenderwaho yibanda kumwanya.
Spindle igomba gukora icyarimwe .
Buri segonda ikora, igomba:
Witwaze imbaraga zihoraho
Komeza kuzenguruka neza
Komeza micron-urwego rwiruka
Gutandukanya ubushyuhe bwakozwe imbere
Kurinda amavuta yo kwisiga
Tanga ubuso burangije kurangiza
Kandi igomba gukora ibi byose ubudahwema , akenshi kumasaha icyarimwe.
Nta buto bwo guhagarara. Nta cyiciro cyo gukira. Ntamwanya aho ibintu byoroha. Ubushyuhe bwubaka mugihe umutwaro uhindagurika. Ukuri kugomba kuguma gutunganye nubwo ubushyuhe buhinduka. Niba uburyo bwo gukonjesha bugabanutse cyangwa amavuta atangiye kwangirika, spindle ntabwo yitotomba - ikurura ibyangiritse.
Niyo mpamvu ibibazo bya spindle bikunze kugaragara bitinze. Kunanirwa ntabwo bitunguranye; ni uguteranya.
Urashobora guca inguni hamwe nibikoresho byinshi bya mashini hanyuma ukabona ibisubizo byemewe. Umukandara wambaye ushobora kunyerera gato. Umurongo unaniwe urashobora kwongeraho gusubira inyuma. Umusaruro urakomeje.
Spindles ntabwo ikora gutya.
Spindles ni nkabakinnyi babigize umwuga: bashoboye imikorere idasanzwe, ariko mugihe ibintu bimeze neza. Basunike bafite ingeso mbi - imbaraga zanduye, igenamigambi rya VFD ritari ryo, amavuta yo kwisiga, imitwaro irenze urugero - kandi ntibizahita binanirwa. Ahubwo, batakaza ubuzima bwabo bucece buri munsi.
Igice giteye akaga nuko imashini ikomeza gukora.
Uruziga rurazunguruka
Ibice biracyasohoka bikoreshwa
Kurangiza hejuru birasa 'sawa '
Impuruza uceceke
Umuntu wese rero yibwira ko byose ari byiza.
Ariko imbere, ibyuma birashyuha. Amavuta yo gusiga arimo gusenyuka. Kwikingira birasaza vuba kurenza uko byakagombye. Spindle ikoreshwa nkibikoreshwa aho gukoresha sisitemu yuzuye.
Iyo amaherezo yananiwe, irumva itunguranye - ariko ibisubizo byafunzwe kera mbere yuwo munsi.
Gusobanukirwa icyo spindle yihanganira burimunsi nintambwe yambere yo kugikora. Kuberako iyo wubaha ibidukikije ikoreramo, gutsindwa kwinshi 'bitunguranye ' kureka kuba ibitunguranye na gato.
Niba ufunguye bihagije byananiranye, icyitegererezo kimwe cyongeye kugaragara: ibyuma byapfuye mbere . Kandi iyo ibyuma bipfuye hakiri kare, amavuta hafi ya yose arimo.
Ntabwo ari ibikoresho bibi.
Ntabwo ari igishushanyo mbonera.
Amavuta.
Ibikoresho bya spindle ntibishobora kubaho ku mbaraga cyangwa gukomera - bibaho kuri firime ya microscopique.
Ku muvuduko wo gukora, imipira cyangwa umuzingo ntibigomba gukora ku moko mu buryo butaziguye. Bagendera kumurongo muto, ushizwemo amavuta cyangwa amavuta ko:
Gutandukanya hejuru yicyuma
Kugabanya ubushyamirane
Gutwara ubushyuhe kure yakarere
Irinda micro-gusudira n'umunaniro wo hejuru
Mugihe iyo firime idahindagurika, kwambara ntabwo byiyongera buhoro- byihuta.
Nashwanyaguje imitambiko aho ibyuma bisa n'ubushyuhe, ubururu, cyangwa ibishishwa, nyamara ibindi bisigaye byari bimeze neza. Igiti cyari cyiza. Guhinduranya byari byiza. Amazu yasaga naho ari mashya. Gusa ikintu cyabuze ni amavuta ahoraho agera kumurongo.
Gutanga amavuta bimaze kuba bitaringaniye-nubwo muri make-isaha yo kwangirika itangira gukomera.
Umuvuduko mwinshi wihuta wakozwe muburyo bwihariye bwo gusiga amavuta hamwe nubwiza . Ibi ntabwo bikunzwe - ni fiziki.
Amavuta-intego rusange asa 'gufunga bihagije ' kumuvuduko muke biba ikibazo gikomeye kuri 18,000–30.000 RPM. Niba ibishishwa biri hejuru cyane, ntibishobora gukora firime ihamye byihuse. Niba ari hasi cyane, firime isenyuka munsi yumutwaro nubushyuhe.
Inzira zose, ibisubizo ni bimwe:
Amavuta ya firime arasenyuka
Guhuza ibyuma-byuma
Umunaniro wihuse
Kunanirwa hakiri kare
Kuri RPM yo hejuru, ibyuma ntibibona amahirwe ya kabiri. Iyo umubonano utangiye kubaho kuri rewolisiyo ibihumbi kumunota, kubyara ubuzima bigabanuka kuva kumyaka kugeza kumyumweru - cyangwa iminsi.
Iki nikimwe mubibazo byunvikana cyane mukubungabunga spindle.
Gusiga amavuta menshi ntabwo bingana kurindwa.
Iyo kubyara birenze amavuta, amavuta arenze cyangwa amavuta ntaho bijya. Ihinduka cyane kubintu bizunguruka. Uku gutitira:
Bitanga ubushyuhe aho kubikuraho
Yongera umuvuduko w'imbere
Kumena amavuta vuba
Gusunika umwanda cyane
Nabonye ibyuma binanirwa gushyuha nubwo 'amavuta menshi ' yari ahari. Amavuta yatetse, okiside, kandi ntacyo amaze - gukora ibibi byinshi kuruta ibyiza.
Amavuta make cyane atera inzara.
Gusiga cyane bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Gusiga neza birasobanutse , ntabwo bitanga.
Sisitemu yo kwisiga yikora itera kwibeshya kumutekano.
Abantu baribwira bati: 'Nibyikora, bigomba rero kuba bikora. '
Mubyukuri, sisitemu zinanirwa bucece.
Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara birimo:
Imirongo ifunze cyangwa ifunze imirongo
Amapompo yambarwa aracyakora ariko ntiyubaka igitutu
Inshinge zifata igice cyangwa zifunze
Ibihe bigenda cyangwa gutakaza kalibrasi
Uruziga rukomeza kuzunguruka, ibice bikomeza gusohoka kuri mashini, kandi nta gutabaza bizimya. Hagati aho, icyuma kimwe gishobora kubona amavuta mugihe ikindi cyumye rwose.
Niba udasuzuma muburyo bwo gutanga amavuta - gutemba, igitutu, cyangwa ibyo ukoresha - ntabwo ukomeza kuzunguruka. Urizera.
Amavuta meza arinda ibicuruzwa. Amavuta yanduye arabasenya.
Igicu gikonje, umukungugu mwiza, ibice byicyuma, nibikoresho bya kashe byangiritse ntibikeneye ubutumire bwinshi bwo kwinjira muri spindle. Iyo umwanda umaze kwinjira muri sisitemu yo gusiga, amavuta areka kuba amavuta hanyuma agatangira gukora nkumusenyi wamazi.
Ndetse na microscopique ibice bishobora:
Amarushanwa yo gutwara amanota
Guhagarika gusiga amavuta
Ihute umunaniro no gutobora
Iyo ubu bwoko bwibyangiritse butangiye, gusukura sisitemu ntibizahindura. Ubuso bwo kwifata bumaze guhungabana, kandi gutsindwa biba ikibazo cyigihe.
Niyo mpamvu kashe nziza, uburyo bwuzuye bwo kuzuza, hamwe nibintu bikwiye byo kuyungurura kimwe na lisansi ubwayo. Mu gusiga amavuta, isuku ntabwo ihitamo - ni ukubaho.
Ibibazo byo gusiga ntibituma gusa spindle ikora 'bitagenze neza. ' Batangira urunigi rwihuta rwihuta rwangirika. Gusobanukirwa uko bikurikirana ni urufunguzo rwo gufata ibyananiranye mbere yuko biba ibiza bihenze.
Iyo firime ya lubricant inanutse, ubushyamirane hagati yimiterere yabyo burazamuka. Ubuvanganzo butanga ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe buragabanya kandi gukora amavuta asigaye, byongera ubushyamirane kurushaho.
Numuzenguruko mubi. Ikosa rimwe rito - amavuta atari yo, kutuzuza, kuzura, cyangwa kwanduza - birashobora gutangira iyi nzira yo guhunga.
Mugihe amazu yo hanze ya spindle yumva ashyushye gukoraho cyangwa ibyuma bifata imashini byandika ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere burenze kure imipaka ikora . Ikigaragara nkigenzura rito ryo kugenzura hanze ni ikibazo gikomeye cyimbere.
Imyenda ikozwe na micron-urwego rusobanutse , ibarwa neza kugirango ikore kuzunguruka, umutwaro, nubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bukabije bwimbere butera ibice kwaguka.
Imipira cyangwa ibizunguruka bikomera kumoko
Amavuta yo kwisiga arasohoka
Kuremerera ibintu kugiti cyihariye
Iyo ibimaze kuvaho, kwambara byihuta cyane. Imyenda itangira 'kwiruka cyane, ' ibyara ubushyamirane bwinshi, busubira mubushuhe.
Kuri iyi ngingo, gutsindwa byanze bikunze. Spindle irashobora gukomeza kuzunguruka, ariko ikora mugihe cyinguzanyo.
Ubushyuhe ntibwagura ibyuma gusa - byangiza amavuta.
Amavuta okiside, ahinduka kandi acide
Amavuta atandukana mubintu bikomeye
Inyongeramusaruro zirinda zirashya
Nubwo wongeye kugarura amavuta nyuma, ibyangiritse birakorwa: amavuta cyangwa amavuta ntagikora akazi kayo. Kunanirwa kwa spindle byinshi biterwa na 'ibibazo byo gusiga ' ntabwo ari ukubera ko amavuta yahagaritswe-birananirana kubera ko amavuta yahagaritse gukora.
Iri tandukaniro ryihishe risobanura impamvu kuzunguruka akenshi binanirwa bisa nkaho bitagaragara. Abakoresha bagenzura amavuta; biracyahari. Ariko ntigishobora kurinda ibyuma.
Kwangiza ubushyuhe ni amacenga kuko bitangirira imbere. Ntiwumva kuniha. Ntubona ikimenyetso cyumwotsi. Mugihe cyo kunyeganyega, urusaku, cyangwa kwiruka bigenda bigaragara, hejuru yikintu kimaze guhungabana.
Niyo mpamvu gukurikirana inzira ari ngombwa kuruta kureba imibare yuzuye . Umuzunguruko ugenda buhoro buhoro kuva kuri 45 ° C kugeza kuri 60 ° C muminsi myinshi ni bibi cyane kuruta igicucu gitunguranye gitera impuruza. Kumenya hakiri kare - binyuze mu isesengura ryinyeganyeza, kugenzura imiterere ya lubricant, hamwe no gukurikirana ubushyuhe bwumuriro - nibyo bitandukanya imizinga mumyaka yashize nizunguruka zipfa mumezi.
Mugihe ibibazo byo gusiga byangiza bucece uruhande rwumukanishi, ibibazo byamashanyarazi byibasiye imbere . Ndetse amavuta meza, yashizwemo neza arashobora kunanirwa hakiri kare niba amashanyarazi ayagaburira adahagaze neza cyangwa acungwa nabi.
Moteri yihuta ya moteri ni imashini zifite imbaraga-nyinshi . Zibyara urumuri rukomeye mumapaki yoroheje cyane, hamwe no kwihanganira cyane kumuzinga, kubika, no gufata.
Ubucucike butuma bumva cyane amashanyarazi adasanzwe izindi moteri zishobora kuzimya:
Umuvuduko muto wamanutse cyangwa imitoma
Guhuza ibikoresho bindi bikoresho
Imbaraga zungurujwe nabi
Igisubizo? Kwikingira bigenda byangirika buhoro, ubushyuhe bwubaka imbere muri moteri, kandi gutsindwa byegereye bucece. Mugihe impuruza itangiye cyangwa umwotsi ugaragaye, spindle yakunze kwangirika ibyumweru.
Igihe cyose itangwa rya voltage rigabanutse cyangwa ryiyongereye, moteri ya spindle irishyura. Izo ndishyi ntabwo ari ubuntu-zitanga ubushyuhe bwimbere imbere.
Mugihe cibyumweru cyangwa ukwezi, uku gusubiramo gushya gushya:
Intege nke
Bitera microscopique gucikamo ibice
Kurema ahantu hashyushye aho gutsindwa amaherezo bibaho
Nabonye spindles yasaga neza muburyo bwa tekinike byananiranye nyuma yimbaraga imwe idasanzwe. Amaduka yashinje 'ibintu bibi, ' ariko nyirabayazana nyirizina yari voltage yinjira idahagaze - ikintu cyoroshye nka transformateur ishaje cyangwa umurongo utanga urugero ruto.
Imiyoboro ihindagurika ya Frequency ntabwo ari plug-na-gukina. Bakeneye guhuzwa neza nimbaraga za spindle, torque, nibiranga umuvuduko. Igenamiterere rya VFD ritari ryo-cyane cyane kwihuta, kwihuta, hamwe nimbibi zigezweho-buhoro buhoro moteri ikora amashanyarazi.
Spindle irashobora kwiruka 'byiza ' amezi mugihe ubabaye:
Buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe bukabije
Gusaza imburagihe
Kwiyongera kwinyeganyeza nkuko bitwara ibintu bihindagurika munsi yumuriro
Muyandi magambo, VFD idahwitse ntabwo itera kunanirwa ako kanya - iteka moteri imbere , akenshi bucece.
Bumwe mu buryo bwo kutumva neza uburyo bwo kunanirwa amashanyarazi nuburyo bwa shaft buterwa nubutaka budakwiye. Niba spindle idahagaze neza, imigezi yazimiye irashobora kunyura mumutwe. Utubuto duto duto twamashanyarazi - microscopique sparks - ihuza umwanya wacyo mugihe runaka.
Ingaruka zoroshye muburyo bwambere:
Kwiyongera gahoro gahoro
Impinduka nto muri runout
Kongera urusaku kuri RPM yo hejuru
Amaherezo, kwihanganira ibyangiritse biragaragara, kandi gutsindwa gukanika gukurikira. Nabonye urwego rwohejuru ruzunguruka hamwe na sisitemu nshya yo gusiga amavuta birananirana mubyumweru gusa kubera ko igitambara cyo hasi cyarekuye cyangwa cyabuze.
Insanganyamatsiko rusange? Kwangiza amashanyarazi ni gake bitangaza ubwabyo. Nta mwotsi, nta rusaku rwinshi, nta guhagarara ako kanya. Nibikorwa bitinda, bitagaragara bigabanya ubuzima buzunguruka ntawe ubibonye.
Amakuru meza: ibibazo byinshi byamashanyarazi birashobora kwirindwa . Imbaraga zihamye, guhagarara neza, guhuza neza VFDs, no kugenzura buri gihe imbaraga za voltage nuburyo bugezweho birashobora kongera ubuzima bwa spindle kuburyo bugaragara - akenshi bikikuba kabiri ugereranije na spindle ikora kumashanyarazi idakurikiranwa.
Amashanyarazi yangiritse. Bitandukanye no kunanirwa gusiga, amaherezo bigatanga ubushyuhe cyangwa urusaku, ibibazo byamashanyarazi bikunze gusenya spindle imbere imbere mbere yuko umuntu abibona . Gusobanukirwa uko ibi bibaho ni urufunguzo rwo gukumira kunanirwa gusubiramo.
Amashanyarazi ahora ashakisha inzira yoroshye kubutaka. Niba spindle idashizweho neza, ikigezweho izabona inzira inyuze.
Igisubizo: gusudira kwa microscopique no guhuza hejuru yububiko . Buri kantu gatoya gasize ikiriba, kandi igihe kirenze, ibyo byobo birundanya. Imyenda itangira kunyeganyega, urusaku rwiyongera, kandi kwiruka birakura.
Ubwa mbere, ibi byangiritse ntibigaragara-ibyuma biracyazunguruka, ibice biracyacibwa, umusaruro urakomeza. Ariko buri saha, spindle iratakaza ubuzima bucece. Nabonye udushya-twinshi-twinshi twa spindles tunanirwa mu byumweru bike gusa biterwa no gukemura ibibazo biriho byatewe nubutaka bwangiritse cyangwa VFD idakwiye.
Imashini ihinduranya moteri yashizweho kugirango irinde imbaraga za voltage nubushyuhe - ariko ifite imipaka.
Guhindagurika kwa voltage inshuro nyinshi
Ubushyuhe burenze urugero
Kwinjira
Izi ngingo zigabanya buhoro buhoro fibre insulation. Ifishi yamenetse. Inzira ziyobora zitera imbere. Amaherezo, kuzunguruka bigufi na spindle 'irashya. '
Iyi nzira ni buhoro. Mugihe umwotsi ugaragaye cyangwa ingendo zimena, spindle imaze amezi yangiritse imbere . Spindle yasaga 'ejo hashize ' yapfaga bucece.
Kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi ni bumwe muburyo bukunze kunanirwa muburyo bwo kunanirwa.
Abantu babona spindle yatwitse bakeka ko ibyuma byashize.
Cyangwa bashinja imyaka , 'yari ifite umunsi wayo. '
Cyangwa barayikurikirana kugeza amahirwe masa.
Utabanje kwipimisha witonze - kugenzura aho uhagaze, kurwanya insulasiyo, guhagarara kwa voltage, hamwe na VFD igenamigambi - impamvu y'amashanyarazi nyayo ntigaragara . Simbuza spindle, kandi keretse niba ikibazo cyibanze gikemuwe, gishya kizagira ibyago bimwe.
Kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi ntabwo byica uruziga gusa - basubiramo bucece , bigatwara inganda amafaranga nigihe cyo hasi nta na rimwe basize ibimenyetso bigaragara.
Ndetse na lisansi nziza cyane, ifite imbaraga nziza irashobora kunanirwa iyo ikoreshejwe muburyo bwa mashini . Kurenza urugero biroroshye - ntibikunze guhagarika umusaruro ako kanya, bityo abashoramari bakeka ko 'ibintu byose bimeze neza. ' Mubyukuri, spindle ihanwa bucece.
Kongera igipimo cyibiryo, ubujyakuzimu bwagabanijwe, cyangwa ubugari bwo gukata birashobora gutuma umubare wawe wibyakozwe ugaragara neza kurupapuro. Ariko mubikorwa, buri rugendo rukaze ruremereye cyane, rutanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi rwongera kunyeganyega.
Imyenda ifata impagarara nyinshi
Amavuta yo kwisiga aranyunyuza kandi agahungabana
Ubushyuhe buregeranya vuba kuruta gukonjesha birashobora kubikuraho
Rimwe na rimwe gukata biremereye ni byiza. Kubaho kumpera, guhinduranya nyuma yo kwimuka, icyumweru nicyumweru, nibyo byica spindles . Urabona umusaruro mugihe gito ukoresheje ikiguzi cyigihe kirekire.
Spindles zapimwe kuri RPM ntarengwa, ariko iyo ni imipaka yo gushushanya, ntabwo intego yo gukora ya buri munsi . Kwiruka ubudahwema cyangwa hafi yuwo muvuduko ntarengwa wiyongera:
Kwihanganira umunaniro
Rotor na shaft kwagura ubushyuhe
Kunyeganyega imbere
Spindle 'irashobora ' ikora kuri 24.000 RPM - ariko kubera ko idashobora gusobanura ko igomba. Ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire bwinjizwa no kubaha umuvuduko wagenwe no kuzamuka cyangwa kumanuka mubwenge.
Igikoresho kitarenze gato kuringaniza kumuvuduko muke kirashobora kugaragara. Kuri RPM yo hejuru, imbaraga za centrifugal zongerera ubusumbane bukabije.
Ubwo busumbane ntibwakirwa na spindle-bijya mu buryo butaziguye , bitera:
Kwambara byihuse
Kwiyongera kunyeganyega
Micro-kuvunika mumoko yo gutwara
Kugabanya umuvuduko mwinshi, kuringaniza ibikoresho ntabwo ari ubushake-ni ukubaho. Ndetse ubusumbane buto kuri 20.000+ RPM burashobora kugabanya ubuzima bwa spindle mugihe runaka.
Ibyangiritse akenshi bitangirira kubikoresho byimbere , ntabwo biri imbere. Amakariso yambarwa, ibyuma byanduye, cyangwa ibikoresho bifunze nabi bitera kwiruka , bibyara imbaraga zingana.
Imyenda ibona imizigo itaringaniye
Gukwirakwiza amavuta birahagarara
Umunaniro urihuta
Kunyeganyega biriyongera
Nabonye udushya-twinshi twananiwe mu mezi kubera ko abashoramari birengagije amakariso yambarwa cyangwa ntibasukuye abafite ibikoresho. Spindle ubwayo ntabwo yari 'mbi ' - yahatiwe gukora imirimo irenze iyo yagenewe gukora.
Akaga nyako ko kurenza urugero ni uko spindle ikomeza gukora - bityo rero nta gutabaza, nta mwotsi ugaragara, kandi umusaruro usa nkibisanzwe. Ibyangiritse ariko, birundanya bucece. Kwifata bitesha agaciro, amavuta asenyuka vuba, kandi insulation irasaza vuba.
Mugihe amaherezo ya spindle ifata cyangwa ikagenda VFD, gutsindwa bisa nkibitunguranye , ariko byari ibisubizo byamezi yihohoterwa ritagaragara. Gusobanukirwa no kugenzura umutwaro, umuvuduko, kuringaniza ibikoresho, hamwe na runout ni itandukaniro riri hagati ya spindle imara imyaka 2-33 nimwe ikananirwa mumezi make.
Ndetse n'amavuta meza kandi yumuriro w'amashanyarazi arashobora kwambarwa mugihe cyimbaraga zashizweho kugirango zikore. Kugabanya imizigo byanze bikunze - ariko imbaraga ziyobowe ni abicanyi bucece.
Abakoresha benshi ntibatekereza kubijyanye nicyerekezo cyumutwaro , ariko spindles rwose iratekereza.
Imizigo ya radiyo - imbaraga ziva mu gusya, gutondeka, cyangwa guhuza - mubisanzwe ni abicanyi benshi, cyane cyane kuri RPM yo hejuru. Basunika ibyuma kuruhande, aho ibintu bizunguruka bitagenewe gutwara imihangayiko ikomeza. Umunaniro wubaka bucece, impinduramatwara imwe imwe.
Imizigo ya Axial - gukubita, gucukura, cyangwa guca ibitugu biremereye - guhagarika ibyuma bifatanye. Niba spindle itagenewe imbaraga ziremereye, iyi mihangayiko igabanya kubyara ubuzima butangaje.
Nta bwoko bw'imizigo bushobora guteza akaga. Ikibazo kivuka iyo imizigo irenze igipimo cya spindle, burigihe cyangwa inshuro nyinshi . Ndetse 'ibisanzwe ' gukata bikozwe nabi birashobora guceceka kabiri kubyara ubuzima mubyumweru cyangwa ukwezi.
Kunyeganyega ntabwo ari urusaku gusa - ni ikimenyetso cyangirika . Kunyeganyega bimaze gutangira:
Kwambara kwambara biba bitaringaniye
Amavuta yo gusiga ameneka vuba
Ubushyuhe buzamuka imbere muri spindle
Kugabanuka kwukuri
Kandi igice kibi cyane? Kunyeganyega birisha ubwabyo . Ibyangiritse byangiritse gato biranyeganyega cyane, byangiza vuba. Iyo udasuzumwe, ubusumbane bworoheje buhinduka ibyago muminsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru.
Nabonye spindles isa neza kurupapuro birananirana vuba iyo vibrasiya imaze gufata, kabone niyo yaba ari imitwaro irenze. Kwirengagiza kunyeganyega hakiri kare ni nko kwirengagiza ibice byambere mu rugomero.
Abakoresha bakunze gushinja kurangiza nabi gukata, inzira, cyangwa igipimo cyo kugaburira - kandi rimwe na rimwe usanga ari byo. Ariko mubihe byinshi, ubuso bwangiritse burangiye nicyo kimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara cyo kwambara imyenda.
Micro-vibrasiya ituruka ku kwangirika hakiri kare yerekana igice mbere yuko urusaku, impuruza, cyangwa ubushyuhe bugaragara.
Kuganira gato, imirongo, cyangwa imiterere idahuye bishobora gusa nkaho ari bito, ariko biraburira ibimenyetso byerekana ko spindle iri mukibazo.
Niba ubona ibibazo byo kurangiza bidasobanutse, ntukirengagize. Iperereza kuri spindle mbere yuko izamuka muburyo bwuzuye.
Ntibisanzwe kunanirwa ako kanya. Kunanirwa kwinshi ni buhoro buhoro kandi birahanurwa - niba uzi icyo ushaka. Abakora inararibonye biga 'gusoma ' ibimenyetso byihishe bya spindle mbere yuko umwotsi cyangwa impuruza bigaragara.
Spindle nzima ifite amajwi ahoraho, yoroshye . Impinduka iyo ari yo yose muri iryo jwi ni umuburo. Urusaku rusanzwe rwo kuburira rurimo:
Kuniha cyangwa gusakuza cyane gutaka kumuvuduko wihariye
Umuvuduko muke wo gutontoma utari uhari mbere
Gusya rimwe na rimwe cyangwa gukanda
Abakoresha bakunze kwikinisha bakavuga bati: 'Burigihe byumvikana gutya. ' Mubyukuri, amajwi mashya hafi ya yose yerekana ko hari icyahindutse - kwifata, gusiga, cyangwa kuringaniza ibikoresho. Ntuzigere wirukana urusaku rudasanzwe; ni spindle igerageza kukubwira ikintu kitarenze.
Gusoma ubushyuhe bumwe ntibikunze kuvuga inkuru yuzuye. Uruziga rukora kuri 45 ° C rushobora kuba rwiza - ariko niba rwarirukaga kuri 35 ° C , ubwo bwiyongere bwa 10 ° C ni ngombwa.
Ubushyuhe butunguranye cyangwa buhoro buhoro burashobora kwerekana:
Kwangirika kw'amavuta
Kongera umutwaro wo gutwara
Kudahuza cyangwa kutaringaniza
Guhangayikishwa n'amashanyarazi imbere muri moteri
Gukurikirana inzira ni ngombwa. Kureba uko spindle yitwara mugihe runaka biguha amahirwe yambere yo gutabara-mbere yuko ubushyuhe butera kwangirika burundu.
Imashini zose ziranyeganyega kurwego runaka, ariko kwiyongera kwinyeganyeza ntabwo ari ibisanzwe.
Uburyo bushya bwo kuganira aho ntanumwe wabayeho mbere - ukoresheje igikoresho kimwe, ibikoresho, na gahunda - ni ibendera ritukura.
Ndetse kwiyongera gake muri vibrasiya bishobora kwerekana kwambara hakiri kare cyangwa kutaringaniza rotor.
Iyo udasuzumwe, vibrasiya irigaburira ubwayo: ibyuma byangiritse bitera ihindagurika ryinshi, ryihuta kwangirika.
Imashini ntizigera 'zishaje kandi zinyeganyega ' nta mpamvu. Kumenyekanisha hakiri kare ni bumwe mu buryo bwizewe bwo kwagura ubuzima.
Spindles rimwe na rimwe itanga ibimenyetso byihishe mbere yo gutsindwa gukabije:
Kugabanya itara munsi yumutwaro umwe
Guhindagurika cyangwa RPM idahindagurika
Gukata bidahuye imikorere cyangwa kurangiza hejuru
Izi mpinduka nto akenshi zigaragara ibyumweru mbere yo gutsindwa byuzuye . Abakoresha babamenya hakiri kare barashobora gufata ingamba zo gukosora - guhindura igipimo cyibiryo, kugenzura amavuta, cyangwa gukora iperereza kumiterere yamashanyarazi na mashini - mbere yuko spindle igera aho idasubira.
Muguhuza amajwi, ubushyuhe, kunyeganyega, hamwe nibikorwa bigenda , abashoramari babimenyereye barashobora gufata ibibazo bya spindle ibyumweru bibanziriza , bakirinda igihe gito kandi bikarinda izunguruka nibice bitanga.
Nubwo amaduka menshi azi ko spindles inanirwa buhoro kandi byateganijwe, kubungabunga ibidukikije akenshi birasubikwa . Urwitwazo ruramenyerewe-kandi ruhenze.
Impamvu ya mbere yo kubungabunga isimbuka? Abakoresha n'abayobozi babona kuzunguruka bakeka ko byose ari byiza:
'Biracyaca, none kuki ubikoraho? '
Nibyo rwose iyo kubungabunga bifite akamaro kanini. Gutegereza kunanirwa kugaragara garanti:
Amafaranga yo gusana cyane cyangwa gusimburwa
Umusaruro muremure
Shimangira kubakoresha, abagenzuzi, nabakiriya kimwe
Spindles ntabwo itanga umuburo muburyo abantu benshi babibona - bakusanya bucece ibyangiritse kugeza kunanirwa bitangaje kandi bihenze.
Gahunda ikarishye, ibisabwa byinshi byinjira, hamwe nigitutu cyo kuzuza ibipimo akenshi bisunika kubungabunga munsi yurutonde rwibanze. Buriwese azi gusimbuka bishobora guteza akaga - ariko guhagarika imashini yo kugenzura amavuta, kugenzura VFD, cyangwa kugenzura ubugenzuzi yumva ari umusaruro wabuze.
Ikibazo niki: spindles ntabwo yitaye kumunsi ntarengwa . Kwiruka 'birebire gato ' birashobora kubika iminota uyumunsi, ariko birashobora gusenya spindle icyumweru gitaha. Kunanirwa gukabije birashobora gutwara iminsi yo gutaha - kurenza igihe cyo kubungabunga wasimbutse.
Gutegereza kuzunguruka kunanirwa mbere yo gukina buri gihe bihenze kuruta kubigumana.
Gusimbuza kuzunguruka birahenze
Kwiyubaka bisaba igihe gito nakazi
Gahunda yumusaruro irasenyuka
Ibyangiritse birashobora kubaho mugihe ibikoresho cyangwa ibice byangiritse
Kubungabunga birinda ntabwo ari ubushake-nuburyo bwonyine bwo kurinda ubuzima bwa spindle, kugabanya igihe cyateganijwe, no gukomeza umusaruro uteganijwe.
Muri make: spindle izakomeza kuzunguruka kugeza igihe bidashoboka. Abategereza kugeza 'bimena ' bishyura igiciro. Abakora hakiri kare bagenzura ibizavamo.
Kuramba kuramba ntabwo ari amarozi. Iva mubwitonzi buhoraho, gukurikirana neza, hamwe ningeso zubwenge . Ntukeneye ibikoresho bihenze cyangwa inzira zigoye - gusa kumenya no guhana.
Kugenzura buri munsi ntabwo bigomba gufata igihe kirekire, ariko bigira itandukaniro rinini:
Umva witonze: Spindle nzima ifite ijwi ryoroheje, rihoraho. Gutaka kwose, gusya, cyangwa gutontoma ni umuburo.
Umva ubushyuhe: Kora inzu ya spindle. Ubushyuhe butunguranye bwiyongera, nubwo bwaba buto, burashobora kwerekana amavuta cyangwa imbaraga z'amashanyarazi.
Itegereze kunyeganyega: Kuganira byoroshye cyangwa kunyeganyega byiyongereye bishobora kwerekana ibikoresho bidahwitse, kwambara, cyangwa gutsindwa hakiri kare.
Iminota itanu gusa yo kwibandaho buri munsi irashobora gufata ibibazo mbere yuko izamuka mugusana bihenze . Biroroshye cyane gukosora umuburo kuruta gukosora spindle yatwitse.
Kugenzura buri munsi ni ngombwa, ariko imirimo imwe yo kubungabunga ikeneye intera ndende:
Kugenzura itangwa ryamavuta: Menya neza ko sisitemu zikoresha zipompa neza kandi imirongo idafunze. Reba amavuta cyangwa amavuta meza.
Kugenzura abafite ibikoresho na kaseti: Ibikoresho byambaye, byanduye, cyangwa bifunze nabi byongera umuvuduko, kunyeganyega, hamwe no kwikorera umutwaro.
Ongera usuzume ubushyuhe no kunyeganyega: Kurikirana impinduka mugihe aho kureba imibare yuzuye. Kwiyongera gake ni ibimenyetso byo kuburira hakiri kare.
Kureka iri genzura bizigama iminota mike uyumunsi - ariko birashobora gutwara iminsi yo gutaha hamwe nibihumbi byamadorari mugusimbuza spindle ejo.
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura bigezweho ntabwo ari ibintu byiza-ni ishoramari:
Ibyuma byerekana ibyiyumvo byerekana kwambara hakiri kare cyangwa kutaringaniza rotor.
Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bikurikirana ubushyuhe mbere yuko bigera ku rwego ruteye akaga.
Gukurikirana ingufu byerekana ihindagurika rya voltage cyangwa ibihe birenze.
Ndetse na kimwe cyirinze kunanirwa kuzunguruka kirashobora kwishyura imyaka yo kugenzura ibikoresho , kandi cyane cyane, komeza umusaruro neza.
Spindles ntabwo zose zisa, kandi gutsindwa ntibikunze kubaho kubwimpamvu imwe kabiri. Inyandiko ni ikiraro kiri hagati yo gukosora no gukumira ibikorwa:
Andika ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, impinduka zamavuta, hamwe nibikoresho bingana
Kurikirana amasaha yo gukora, ibihe by'ubushyuhe, hamwe no gusoma kunyeganyega
Reba ibintu byose bidasanzwe cyangwa imyitwarire idasanzwe
Iyo spindle amaherezo inaniwe, aya makuru afasha kumenya intandaro nyayo , bityo spindle ikurikira ntabwo ipfa kimwe. Ibishushanyo biragaragara, ingeso ziratera imbere, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kwizerwa skyrockets.
Gutwika Spindle ntabwo ari amarozi, amahirwe masa, cyangwa igice kitakwirindwa cyo kuyobora iduka rya CNC. Mubyukuri, 90% byananiranye birashobora guturuka kumpamvu eshatu :
Gusiga nabi - bike cyane, byinshi, ubwoko butari bwo, cyangwa bwanduye. Imyambarire ishingiye kuri firime isobanutse neza, kandi iyo imaze guhungabana, kwambara byihuta.
Ibibazo by'amashanyarazi - ihindagurika rya voltage, guhagarara nabi, hamwe na VFD zidahwitse byangiza buhoro buhoro insulasiyo, kandi akenshi nta nteguza ihita.
Kurenza urugero kuri spindle - imbaraga zikabije za radiyo cyangwa axial, gukoresha nabi RPM, ibikoresho bitaringanijwe, hamwe nababifata bambara bucece bambara ibyuma kandi bitanga ubushyuhe mbere yuko umuntu abimenya.
Simbuza spindle udakemuye izo mpamvu, kandi urimo usubiramo amateka. Spindle nshya izananirwa kimwe , kandi cycle irakomeza.
Ku rundi ruhande, uruziga rusizwe neza, rukoreshwa, rukurikiranwa, kandi rugakorwa mu mbibi ruzakora:
Koresha ituje kandi yoroshye
Komeza neza kandi hejuru birangire
Gumana ubukonje munsi yumutwaro
Iherezo rirerire cyane - akenshi kabiri cyangwa gatatu ubuzima busanzwe
Ntabwo ari amahirwe. Ntabwo ari ugukeka. Ni disipuline, kwitegereza, hamwe nigikorwa cyo gukumira - uburyo bumwe buri mukoresha wuburambe hamwe numu injeniyeri wububiko yishingikiriza kugirango umusaruro ugende nta gitunguranye.
Spindles ntishobora gutsindwa gitunguranye. Barakuburira muburyo bufifitse - inzira yubushyuhe, kunyeganyega, amajwi, no gukora imikorere. Mubatege amatwi, mubitayeho kandi mububahe. Kosora imizi, ntabwo ari ibimenyetso, kandi spindle yawe ihinduka umutungo, ntabwo ari inshingano.
