Kodi CNC Router Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Imagwira Ntchito Motani?

Kodi mudalakalaka kuti mapangidwe anu asinthe kukhala magawo abwino popanda kungoganizira? Kufufuza rauta ya CNC nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kuti mukufuna kubwereza mwachangu komanso zotsatira zoyeretsa.

Bukuli likufotokoza chomwe CNC Router ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito m'moyo weniweni. Muphunzira za kayendedwe ka X/Y/Z, spindle, ndi G-code yomwe imayendetsa kudula.

Mu positi iyi, muphunzira zomwe CNC rauta ingathe ndipo sangachite, kuphatikiza momwe mungakonzekere ntchito yanu yoyamba sitepe ndi sitepe.

 

Tanthauzo la Rauta ya CNC - Kodi Rauta ya CNC Ndi Chiyani?

A CNC Router ndi makina odulira oyendetsedwa ndi makompyuta omwe amatsata pulogalamu yolondola. M'Chingerezi chomveka bwino, imasuntha chida chodulira m'njira zenizeni. Imachita izi pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwe makina amatha 'kuwerenga' ndikuchita.

Ntchito zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito subtractive kupanga . Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimayambira pachinthu chokulirapo, kenako ndikuchotsa zomwe sizikufunika. Zinthu zochotsedwa zimakhala mawonekedwe omwe mudapanga.

Izi ndi zomwe CNC Router imagwira bwino m'masitolo enieni. Anthu amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati m'mphepete mwaukhondo komanso zotsatira zobwerezabwereza ndizofunikira.

• Kudula katundu wa pepala m'zigawo

• Zolemba zambiri ndi zolemba

• Kujambula ma logo, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe okongoletsa

• Kuyika zinthu zowala monga nkhuni, acrylic, MDF, mapulasitiki

CNC Router vs CNC Mill (Kuyerekeza Mwamsanga)

CNC Router nthawi zambiri imapambana pamtengo ndi liwiro lazofewa kapena mapepala. Amapangidwira zipangizo zomwe zimasema mosavuta ndi liwiro la spindle ndi bits. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mudzawona ma routers m'masitolo osayina, masukulu, mizere yopanga zosangalatsa, ndi ntchito zopepuka zamafakitale.

Mphero za CNC zimapangidwira mphamvu zolemetsa zodula. Nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo amafanana bwino ndi zitsulo zolimba. Chitsulo chikalowa m’chithunzichi, kamangidwe ka mphero kaŵirikaŵiri kumagwira ntchitoyo mosamala ndiponso molondola.

Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lofulumirali pokonzekera kugula kapena kuyenda.

Ulamuliro wa chala chachikulu

• CNC Router = yabwino yamatabwa / mapulasitiki / zitsulo zofewa

• CNC mphero = bwino zitsulo / zitsulo zolimba

Pansipa pali kufananitsa kosavuta komwe mungagwiritse ntchito pokambirana koyambirira.

M'mawu atsiku ndi tsiku, ma routers amathandizira magulu kutumiza ma prototypes mwachangu. Mphero zimathandiza magulu kupewa kupsinjika, macheza, ndi zida zovuta podula zida zolimba.

Kodi Router ya CNC Imasiyana Bwanji ndi Router Yapamanja?

Router yapamanja imayendetsedwa ndi munthu. CNC rauta imayendetsedwa ndi makina apakompyuta. Kusintha kumodzi ndiko chifukwa chake magawo obwerezabwereza amakhala enieni.

Routa ya CNC imayenda motengera makompyuta . Imagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yotchedwa G-code kuwongolera komwe spindle ikupita. Makinawa amatsata kayendedwe ka X/Y/Z kotero kuti kudula kumagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake.

Kukhazikitsa kukakhala kolondola, ndondomekoyi imakhala yobwerezabwereza pamathamanga onse. Makina 'satopa' kapena kusintha kuthamanga pakati pa ntchito. Amafunikirabe kukhazikitsidwa bwino, koma khalidwe lodula limakhala lokhazikika.

• Imatsatira G-code m'malo motsatira malangizo amunthu

• Imabwereza zida zomwezo kudutsa magawo angapo

• Imachepetsa kudalira kwa 'luso lamanja' pambuyo pa kusanja

• Imathandizira mawonekedwe ovuta kudzera munjira zokonzekera

Kuchokera kumalingaliro a wogula, kusiyana kumeneku kumakhudza nthawi ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. Matimu amatha kuyendetsa magulu osakonzanso pang'ono, makamaka kuzokota, ma autilaini amayendedwe, ndi mawonekedwe oyika m'thumba.

Kodi CNC Router Imagwira Ntchito Motani? (Core Working Principle)

CNC Router imakhala yosavuta mukamvetsetsa 'lupu.' Imawerenga pulogalamu, kusuntha nkhwangwa, kupota ulusi, ndikutsatira njira yodulira yomwe inakonzedwa. Izo sizimaganiza. Ikuchita.

Ganizirani izi ngati gulu lokonzekera bwino. Amafunikirabe kukhazikitsidwa kolondola, zida zotetezeka, ndi makonda abwino. Koma pamene kuthamanga kukayamba, iwo amapitirizabe kugwira ntchito mofananamo kubwerezabwereza.

CNC rauta 'ubongo': malangizo a G-code

CNC Router 'ubongo' ndi G-code . Fayiloyi imafotokoza ndendende momwe ndi komwe mungasunthire. Imayikanso machitidwe odula kuti kudula kuwoneke bwino m'malo mosokoneza.

G-code imayang'anira magawo atatu:

• Mayendedwe amawongolera : komwe chida chimalowa mu X/Y/Z space

• Kuthamanga kwa spindle / kudula : momwe spindle imazungulira mwachangu komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito

• Mitengo ya chakudya ndi kuya : momwe imadulira mwachangu komanso kuya kwa chiphaso chilichonse

Nawa mawonedwe achangu a momwe malangizowa amapangira zochitika zenizeni panthawi yantchito.

Ngati manambala amenewo azimitsidwa, ntchitoyo siima 'modabwitsa modabwitsa.' Imangodula njira yolakwika, pa mphamvu yolakwika, pa zinthu zolakwika.

CNC rauta 'mayendedwe': X/Y/Z nkhwangwa

Pambuyo powerenga pulogalamuyo, CNC rauta imayisintha kukhala yoyenda pogwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa za X/Y/Z . Ma routers ambiri amayendetsa khwekhwe la 3-axis, lomwe limakhudza ntchito zambiri zosema ndi mayendedwe.

• X-axis : kuyenda kumanzere / kumanja

• Y-axis : kutsogolo / kumbuyo kuyenda

• Z-axis : kuwongolera mmwamba / pansi kuya

Z axis ndiyomwe imapangitsa 'machining' enieni kukhala kotheka. Imawongolera momwe pang'ono imalowera m'matumba, ma grooves, ndi mbiri yabwino.

Kukhazikitsa kwina kwa CNC Router kumathandizira kukweza. Pamene 4th rotary axis imathandizidwa, makinawo amatha kuzungulira chojambula cha cylindrical 3D chosema. Ma axis owonjezera amawalola kutsatira mawonekedwe okulungidwa m'malo mongopanga ndege zathyathyathya.

CNC rauta 'kudula mtima': spindle + kudula pang'ono

Spindle imagwira ndi kupota kachidutswa kakang'ono kwambiri. Panthawi yothamanga, ndi gawo lomwe likugwira ntchito yakuthupi. Bit geometry kuphatikiza liwiro la spindle limatsimikizira momwe zinthu zimasweka ndikusiya tchipisi.

Kuthamanga kwa spindle ndikofunikira chifukwa kumakhudza:

• Mtengo wochotsa zinthu : momwe zinthu zimachotsedwa mwachangu

• Malizitsani khalidwe : m'mphepete mosalala motsutsana ndi mizere yokhotakhota

• Chiwopsezo cha kuvala kwa zida : Kuthamanga kwambiri kumatha kutenthedwa, pang'onopang'ono kungayambitse kukokera

Anthu akamavutika, nthawi zambiri si mtundu wa rauta. Ndiko kusagwirizana pakati pa liwiro la spindle, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi mtundu wa bit. Atatuwo ayenera 'kuvomereza,' kapena mtundu wodulidwa unena nkhaniyi nthawi yomweyo.

Dulani njira yogwiritsira ntchito: njira yotsatirayi

Tsopano kwa gawo lomwe aliyense atha kujambula: rauta imatsata njira yazida . Imeneyi ndi njira yokonzekera yomwe imadutsa ntchitoyo. Zimaphatikizanso komwe chidacho chimayenda komanso komwe chimalowera mwakuya.

Iyi ndi njira yothandiza yoganizira izi: rauta imatsata njira yokonzekera, osati malingaliro anu. Imatsatira ma coordinates. Zimatsatira dongosolo. Zimatsatira zolinga zokonzedwa.

Njira yolondola nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi njira zomveka bwino monga kuwonera mawonekedwe akunja, kuyika m'thumba mkati, ndikulemba mozama mozama. Njira yolakwika ikhoza kuyendabe. Zimangoyenderana ndi ma clamp, kudumpha mawonekedwe, kapena kupanga zochotsera zomwe simunapange.

CNC Router Workflow - Kuchokera Kupanga Kufikira Gawo Lomaliza

Mayendedwe a CNC Router ndi njira yosavuta, koma zolakwika zazing'ono zimawononga nthawi yeniyeni. Timachoka ku mapangidwe a CAD kupita ku njira za zida za CAM, kenako G-code, kukhazikitsa, kuthamanga, ndi kumaliza. Gawo lililonse likamafanana ndi lomaliza, magawo amatuluka oyera komanso obwerezabwereza.

Magulu ambiri amaphunzira mwachangu izi poyesa kaye kaye kaye. Chips amanena zoona: ngati njira, kuya, ndi zakudya zili zolakwika, mudzaziwona nthawi yomweyo.

Gawo 1 - Pangani mapangidwe mu CAD

CAD ndipamene ntchito imayambira. Imamanga sketch ya 2D kapena mawonekedwe a 3D, kenako imatseka miyeso ndi geometry. Anthu nthawi zambiri amangoyang'ana 'chithunzichi', koma rauta imafunikira miyeso yeniyeni.

Mwachitsanzo, kuzama kwa kujambula kumadalira makonda anu apangidwe komanso momwe mumawonetsera mpumulo. Kukula kwa gawo ndi mizere yodulidwa zimatsimikizira komwe pang'ono idzalowe ndi komwe iyenera kupewa m'mphepete.

Izi ndi zomwe kutulutsa kwabwino kwa CAD kumaphatikizapo projekiti ya CNC Router :

• Konzani miyeso yonse ndi kulolerana

• Engraving geometry (m'lifupi wa mzere, zigawo zakuya, mawonekedwe opumula)

• Chotsani m'mphepete mwa mbiri ndi malire a thumba

• Kapangidwe kogwirizana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a makina anu

Khwerero 2 - Gwiritsani ntchito CAM kupanga chida cha CNC Router

CAM ndiye womasulira pakati pa mapangidwe anu ndi kayendedwe ka makina. Imasintha mtundu wa CAD kukhala njira zopangira zida ndikuyika magawo odulira. Magawo amenewo akuphatikiza kuya pakudutsa, liwiro la spindle, ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Muwona zabwino ziwiri kuchokera ku CAM. Choyamba, imakonza njirayo kuti kuchotsa zinthu kumawoneka koyendetsedwa. Chachiwiri, zimathandiza kuchepetsa zolakwika polemba mapu kumene chida chimayenda ntchito isanayambe.

Magulu ena amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ophatikizana a CAD/CAM kuti asunge chilichonse pamalo amodzi. Ikhoza kusunga nthawi, makamaka pa zizindikiro, zojambula, ndi ma prototypes ang'onoang'ono.

Izi ndiye zotulutsa za CAM zomwe mukufuna musanatumize:

• Toolpath strategy (profiling, pocketing, engraving passs)

• Dulani kuya ndi masitepe

• Kuthamanga kwa spindle ndi ma feed rate

• Kusankha zida ndi khalidwe lachilolezo

Khwerero 3 - Tumizani G-code kwa CNC rauta wowongolera

CAM ikapanga zida, imatumiza G-code . Fayiloyo imakhala malangizo omwe CNC Router controller amatsatira. Zimaphatikizapo ma coordinates ndi machining parameters, kotero woyang'anira amadziwa komwe angadule.

Konzani zinthu za G-code chifukwa manambala olakwika amadula molakwika. Ngati zozama zazimitsidwa, mutha kusiya zinthu kapena kukumba mozama kwambiri. Ngati zakudya kapena zopota sizikugwirizana ndi pang'ono ndi zinthu, mapeto ake amavutika msanga.

Lingaliro lothandiza: samalirani G-code ngati 'maphikidwe'.

Khwerero 4 - Kukhazikitsa makina: kugwira ntchito, chida, ndi zero point

Kukhazikitsa kumasintha mapangidwe enieni kukhala kuyenda kwenikweni. CNC Router imafuna chogwirira ntchito chotetezedwa, chida choyenera chokhazikitsidwa, ndi dongosolo logwirizana.

Zosankha zodziwika bwino zogwirira ntchito ndi izi:

• Kuyika pa bedi kwa pepala lolimba ndi ntchito yamagulu

• Vacuum hold-down / vacuum seal ikagwira ntchito kuti mupewe kukweza

Kenako imabwera zeroing . Zolemba ziro zimagwirizana ndi X/Y/Z zoyambira pomwe zimayambira ntchito. Ngati zero ndizolakwika, ntchito yonseyo imayamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amawona zero ngati 'sitepe yachitetezo,' osati mwamwambo.

M'malo mwake, amatsimikiziranso:

• Chida chimamangidwa mwamphamvu mu spindle

• Kutalika kwa wodula kumafanana ndi khalidwe lakuya lomwe likuyembekezeredwa

• Zoyambira zogwirizanitsa zimagwirizana ndi zomwe CAM akuganiza

Khwerero 5 - Yambitsani ntchito: kukhazikitsa pulogalamu ndi kuchotsa zinthu

Tsopano CNC rauta imayendetsa pulogalamuyi. Woyang'anira amatumiza zizindikiro zoyenda kwa ma motors. Pamene mutu ukuyenda motsatira njira yomwe inakonzedwa, spindle imazungulira podulira.

Gawoli limamveka ngati makina, koma ndipamene zotsatira zimapangidwira. Mlingo wochotsa zinthu komanso m'mphepete mwake zimachokera ku machesi apakati pa njira, liwiro, ndi zida za geometry.

Zochita zofananira pa ntchito imodzi ndizo:

• Kufotokozera mawonekedwe akunja

• Kuyika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono

• Kubowola mabowo kapena mawonekedwe a template

• Zolemba zolemba ndi ma logo

• 3D contouring kuti muchepetse mpumulo

Khwerero 6 - Malizani & chotsani gawolo

Pambuyo pa makina, tchipisi ndi fumbi zimafunikira chisamaliro. Kuyeretsa mwachangu kumateteza chitetezo ndikuletsa zinyalala kusakanikirana ndi dongosolo lotsatira. Ndiye gawolo lingafunike kutsirizitsa kuwala.

Kutengera zakuthupi ndi mtundu wodulidwa, kumaliza kumatha kukhala mchenga kapena kupukuta. Kwa mapulasitiki ojambulidwa kapena acrylic, kuyeretsa mosamala ndikofunikira chifukwa zotsalira zimatha kubisa zenizeni.

Pansipa pali lingaliro losavuta la masitepe omaliza ndi zomwe akuyenera kukonza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri a CNC rauta .

Gawolo likayang'aniridwa ndikusamalidwa, kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi kokonzeka kubwereza kachiwiri.

 

Mafunso Okhudza CNC Router

Q: Kodi rauta ya CNC imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

A: CNC rauta kudula, kusema, kusema, ndi kubowola. Amagwira ntchito bwino pamitengo, acrylic, MDF, mapulasitiki, thovu, ndi ma prototypes a PCB.

Q: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa CNC rauta ndi CNC mphero?

A: A CNC rauta ndi wokometsedwa kwa zipangizo zofewa ndi pepala ntchito. A CNC mphero ndi bwino kwa zitsulo zolimba ngati chitsulo chifukwa cha kulimba kwambiri.

Q: Kodi Ndikufuna CAD ndi CAM ntchito CNC rauta?

A: Inde. CAD imapanga mapangidwe, CAM imapanga zida, ndipo CAM imatumiza G-code kwa wolamulira.

Q: Kodi G-code imachita chiyani pa rauta ya CNC?

A: G-code imauza rauta ya CNC komwe ingasunthire pogwiritsa ntchito zida za X/Y/Z. Imayikanso liwiro la spindle, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kuzama kwakuya.

Q: Kodi rauta ya CNC ingadule zitsulo?

A: Inde pazitsulo zofewa monga aluminiyamu ndi mkuwa. Pazitsulo zolimba zolimba, njira yosiyana ya makina nthawi zambiri imafunika.

Q: Kodi rauta ya CNC ndi yolondola bwanji?

A: Kulondola kumadalira kupanga makina, kusanja, ndi kugwira ntchito. Kubwereza kumayenda bwino ngati kukhazikitsidwa kumagwirizana komanso ziro zili zolondola.