Iyini Irutha ye-CNC Futhi Isebenza Kanjani?

Wake wafisa ukuthi imiklamo yakho ingaphenduka ibe izingxenye eziphelele ngaphandle kokuqagela? Ukucinga i -CNC Router ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi ufuna ukuphindaphinda ngokushesha kanye nemiphumela ehlanzekile.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi iyini i-CNC Router nokuthi isebenza kanjani empilweni yangempela. Uzofunda mayelana nokunyakaza kwe-X/Y/Z, i-spindle, nekhodi ye-G eshayela ukusika.

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, uzofunda ukuthi yini irutha ye-CNC engakwazi ukuyenza futhi engakwazi ukuyenza, kanye nendlela yokuhlela umsebenzi wakho wokuqala isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

 

Incazelo Yerutha ye-CNC - Iyini Irutha ye-CNC?

A I-CNC Router ingumshini wokusika olawulwa ngekhompuyutha olandela uhlelo olunembile. NgesiNgisi esilula, ihambisa ithuluzi lokusika elijikelezayo ezindleleni eziqondile. Ikwenza lokhu isebenzisa imiyalo umshini ongakwazi 'ukufunda' futhi uyisebenzise.

Amaphrojekthi amaningi asebenzisa ukukhiqiza okukhiphayo . Lokho kusho ukuthi iqala ocezu olukhudlwana lwento, bese ikhipha okungadingeki. Into ekhishiwe iba umumo owuklamile.

Nakhu okuvamise ukuphatha kahle i -CNC Router ezitolo zangempela. Abantu bayisebenzisela imisebenzi lapho imiphetho ehlanzekile nemiphumela ephindaphindwayo ibalulekile.

• Ukusika izimpahla zeshidi zibe izingxenye

• Imininingwane yokuqopha nombhalo

• Ukubaza ama-logo, amajamo, amaphethini okuhlobisa

• Izinto zokukhanya zokugaya njengokhuni, i-acrylic, i-MDF, ipulasitiki

I-CNC Router vs CNC Mill (Ukuqhathanisa Okusheshayo)

Irutha ye-CNC imvamisa iwina ngezindleko nesivinini sezinto ezithambile noma zeshidi. Yakhelwe izinto eziqoshwa kalula ngesivinini esilungile sokuphotha kanye nezingcezu. Kungakho uzobona amarutha ezitolo zezimpawu, ezikoleni, emigqeni yokukhiqiza yokuzilibazisa, nomsebenzi wemboni olula.

Izigayo ze-CNC zakhelwe amandla okusika asindayo. Ngokuvamile anokuqina okuphezulu futhi afaniswe kangcono nezinsimbi eziqinile. Lapho insimbi ingena esithombeni, umklamo wokugaya ngokuvamile uphatha umsebenzi ngokuphepha nangokunembe kakhudlwana.

Sebenzisa lesi simiso esisheshayo lapho uhlela ukuthenga kwakho noma ukuhamba komsebenzi.

Dwebela ushiye isithupha

• I-CNC Router = inkulu ngokhuni / amapulasitiki / izinsimbi ezithambile

• I-CNC mill = ingcono ngezinsimbi / insimbi eqinile

Ngezansi isiqhathaniso esilula ongasisebenzisa phakathi nezingxoxo zakuqala.

Ngokwemibandela yansuku zonke, ama-routers asiza amaqembu ukuthumela ama-prototypes ngokushesha. Izigayi zisiza amaqembu ukuthi agweme ukuxineka, ukuxoxa, kanye nobunzima bamathuluzi lapho esika izinto eziqinile.

Yini eyenza irutha ye-CNC ihluke kunerutha ephathwa ngesandla?

Irutha ephathwa ngesandla iholwa ngumuntu. Irutha ye-CNC iholwa uhlelo lwekhompyutha. Lolo shintsho olulodwa yingakho izingxenye eziphindaphindwayo ziba ngokoqobo.

Irutha ye-CNC isebenza ngokunyakaza okushayelwa yikhompyutha . Isebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa nge- G-code ukulawula lapho i-spindle ihamba ngokulandelayo. Umshini ulandela ukunyakaza kwe-X/Y/Z ngakho ukusika kufanelana nomklamo.

Uma ukusetha sekulungile, inqubo iba ngokuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindwayo kuwo wonke ama-run. Umshini 'awukhathali' noma uguqule ingcindezi phakathi nomsebenzi. Basadinga ukusetha okuhle, kodwa ukuziphatha kokusika kuhlala kufana.

• Ilandela ikhodi ye-G esikhundleni sokuqondiswa umuntu

• Iphinda indlela yamathuluzi efanayo ezingxenyeni eziningi

• Yehlisa ukuncika 'kwekhono lesandla' ngemva kokulinganisa

• Isekela izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zamathuluzi ezihleliwe

Ngokombono womthengi, lo mehluko ubalulekile emigqeni yesikhathi kanye nokusebenza. Amaqembu angasebenzisa amaqoqo ngokusebenza kabusha okuncane, ikakhulukazi ukuqoshwa, uhlaka lwendlela, kanye nezici zokufaka ephaketheni.

Isebenza Kanjani Irutha ye-CNC? (Umgomo Oyinhloko Wokusebenza)

Irutha ye-CNC izizwa ilula uma usuqonda 'iluphu' yayo Ifunda uhlelo, inyakaze izimbazo, iphothe intambo yokuphotha, futhi ilandele indlela yokusika ehleliwe. Akuqageli. Iyafeza.

Kucabange njengeqembu eliqeqeshelwe kahle. Basadinga ukusetha okulungile, amathuluzi aphephile, nezilungiselelo ezinhle. Kodwa lapho ukugijima sekuqalile, baqhubeka benza umsebenzi ofanayo ngendlela efanayo ekuphindaphindweni.

Irutha ye-CNC 'ubuchopho': imiyalelo yekhodi ye-G

Irutha ye-CNC 'ubuchopho' yi- G-code . Leli fayela liyitshela ngokuqondile ukuthi kufanele ihambe kanjani futhi kuphi ngokulandelayo. Iphinde isetha ukuziphatha kokusika ukuze ukusika kubukeke kulungile esikhundleni sokungcolile.

Ikhodi ye-G ilawula ikakhulukazi izindawo ezintathu:

• Izixhumanisi zokunyakaza : lapho ithuluzi liya khona kusikhala se-X/Y/Z

• Isivinini sophotha/ukuziphatha kokusika : ukuthi i-spindle spindle ishesha kangakanani nokuthi isebenza kanjani

• Izinga lokuphakelayo nokujula : ukuthi lisika ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi iphasi ngalinye lijula ​​kangakanani

Nakhu ukubuka okusheshayo kokuthi leyo miyalo yenza kanjani imephu yezenzo zangempela phakathi nomsebenzi.

Uma lezo zinombolo zicishiwe, umsebenzi 'awehluleki ngendlela engaqondakali.' Uvele usike indlela engalungile, ngamandla angalungile, ukuze uthole okokusebenza okungalungile.

I-CNC Router 'ukunyakaza': X/Y/Z izimbazo

Ngemva kokufunda uhlelo, i -CNC Router iluguqula lube ukunyakaza isebenzisa izimbazo ze-X/Y/Z . Amarutha amaningi ajwayelekile asebenzisa ukusethwa kwe-axis engu-3, ​​okuhlanganisa iningi lomsebenzi wokuqopha nokukhipha umzila.

• I-X-eksisi : ukunyakaza kwesobunxele/kwesokudla

• I-Y-eksisi : ukunyakaza kwangaphambili/ngemuva

• I-Z-axis : isilawuli sokujula phezulu/phansi

Leyo ngxenye engu-Z yiyona eyenza 'umshini' wangempela ube khona. Ilawula ukuthi i-bit ingena kanjani kokubalulekile kwamaphakethe, ama-grooves, kanye nokwenza iphrofayela ehlanzekile.

Okunye ukusetha kwe -CNC Router kusekela ukuthuthukiswa. Uma i -axis ejikelezayo yesi-4 isekelwa, umshini ungazungezisa ucezu lokusebenza lokuqoshwa kwe-cylindrical 3D. I-eksisi eyengeziwe iyivumela ukuthi ilandele izimo ezisongekile esikhundleni sezindiza eziyisicaba kuphela.

I-CNC Router 'inhliziyo enqumayo': i-spindle + cutting bit

I -spindle ibamba futhi iphotha incezu yokusika ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngesikhathi sokugijima, yingxenye eyenza umsebenzi womzimba. I-bit geometry kanye nesivinini sokuphotha sinquma ukuthi impahla iphuka futhi ishiye kanjani ama-chips.

Isivinini se-spindle sibalulekile ngoba sinomthelela:

• Izinga lokususa okubalulekile : ukuthi izinto zisulwa ngokushesha kangakanani

• Ikhwalithi yokuqedela : imiphetho ebushelelezi uma iqhathaniswa nemigqa emangelengele

• Ingozi yokugqoka kwamathuluzi : ngokushesha kakhulu kungashisa ngokweqile, ukunensa kakhulu kungabangela ukuhudula

Lapho abantu bezabalaza, ngokuvamile akulona uhlobo lomzila. Ukungafani phakathi kwejubane lokuphotha, izinga lokuphakelayo, nohlobo lwebhithi. Labo abathathu kufanele ''bavume,' noma ikhwalithi yokusika izoxoxa indaba ngokushesha.

Sika indlela yokwenza: indlela yamathuluzi elandelayo

Manje ngokwengxenye wonke umuntu angathwebula: umzila ulandela indlela yamathuluzi . Indlela yamathuluzi yindlela ehleliwe ethathwa kancane emsebenzini. Kuhlanganisa lapho ithuluzi lihamba khona nalapho lishona khona ukuze lijule.

Lena indlela engokoqobo yokucabanga ngayo: i-router ilandela indlela yamathuluzi ehleliwe, hhayi umcabango wakho. Ilandela izixhumanisi. Kulandela ukuhleleka. Ilandela inhloso ehleliwe.

Indlela yamathuluzi elungile ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amasu acacile afana nokwenza iphrofayela isimo sangaphandle, ukufaka ephaketheni ngaphakathi kwezindawo, kanye nombhalo oqoshiwe onokujula okulawulwayo. Indlela yamathuluzi engalungile isengasebenza. Ivele ingene kuma-clamps, izici zeqa, noma idale ama-offset ongazange uwaklame.

I-CNC Router Workflow - Ukusuka Kumklamo Kuya Engxenyeni Eqediwe

Ukugeleza komsebenzi we -CNC Router kuyipayipi elilula, kodwa amaphutha amancane abiza isikhathi sangempela. Sisuka ekwakhiweni kwe-CAD siye ezindleleni zamathuluzi ze-CAM, bese kuba ikhodi ye-G, ukusetha, ukugijima, nokuqeda. Uma isinyathelo ngasinye sifana nesokugcina, izingxenye ziphuma zihlanzekile futhi ziphindaphindeka.

Amaqembu amaningi afunda ngokushesha lokhu ngokwenza umsebenzi omncane wokuhlola kuqala. Ama-chips akhuluma iqiniso: uma indlela, ukujula, nokuphakelayo kungalungile, uzokubona ngokushesha.

Isinyathelo 1 - Dala umklamo ku-CAD

I-CAD yilapho umsebenzi uqala khona. Yakha umdwebo we-2D noma umumo we-3D, bese ikhiya ngobukhulu nejometri. Abantu bavame ukugxila 'esithombeni,' kodwa umzila udinga izilinganiso zangempela.

Isibonelo, ukujula kokuqoshwa kuncike kuzilungiselelo zakho zokuklama kanye nendlela oyimodelisela ngayo ukukhululeka. Usayizi wengxenye kanye nemigqa yokusika inquma ukuthi ibhithi izongena kuphi nalapho kufanele igweme khona imiphetho.

Nakhu okukhiphayo okuhle kwe-CAD okuvame ukukufaka kuphrojekthi ye -CNC Router :

• Lungisa ubukhulu obuphelele nokubekezelelana

• I-geometry eqoshiwe (ububanzi bomugqa, izifunda ezijulile, umumo wokusiza)

• Sula imiphetho yephrofayili kanye nemingcele yephakethe

• Isakhiwo esilingana nendawo yokusebenza yomshini wakho esebenzayo

Isinyathelo sesi-2 — Sebenzisa i-CAM ukuze ukhiqize indlela yamathuluzi ye-CNC Router

I-CAM ingumhumushi phakathi komklamo wakho nokunyakaza komshini. Iguqula imodeli ye-CAD ibe izindlela zamathuluzi futhi inikeze amapharamitha wokusika. Leyo mingcele ihlanganisa ukujula ngokudlula ngakunye, isivinini sokuphotha, nezinga lokuphakelayo.

Uzobona izinzuzo ezimbili ezivela ku-CAM. Okokuqala, ihlela umzila ukuze ukususwa kwezinto kubukeke kulawulwa. Okwesibili, kusiza ukunciphisa amaphutha ngokwenza imephu lapho ithuluzi lihamba khona ngaphambi kokuthi umsebenzi uqale.

Amanye amaqembu asebenzisa isofthiwe ehlanganisiwe ye-CAD/CAM ukuze agcine yonke into endaweni yokusebenza eyodwa. Ingonga isikhathi, ikakhulukazi izimpawu, ukuqoshwa, nama-prototypes amancane.

Lokhu okukhiphayo okuvamile kwe-CAM ohlose ukukuthola ngaphambi kokuthi uthumele:

• Isu lendlela yamathuluzi (ukwenza iphrofayili, ukufaka ephaketheni, ukuqopha amaphasi)

• Sika ukujula kanye nezinyathelo phansi

• Isivinini se-spindle kanye nezilungiselelo zezinga lokuphakelayo

• Ukukhetha amathuluzi kanye nokuziphatha kwemvume

Isinyathelo sesi-3 - Thumela i-G-code yesilawuli se-CNC Router

Ngemuva kokuthi i-CAM ikhiqize izindlela zamathuluzi, ithumela ngaphandle ikhodi ye-G . Lelo fayela liba isethi yemiyalelo elandelwa isilawuli se- CNC Router . Ihlanganisa izixhumanisi namapharamitha womshini, ukuze isilawuli sazi ukuthi kufanele sisike kuphi ngokulandelayo.

Lungisa izindaba ze-G-code ngoba izinombolo ezingalungile zibangela ukusikeka okungalungile. Uma amanani okujula evaliwe, uzoshiya izinto ngemuva noma umbe ujule kakhulu. Uma okuphakelayo noma amanani okuphotha engafani nebhithi nezinto ezibonakalayo, isiphetho sihlupheka ngokushesha.

Umqondo owusizo: phatha ikhodi ye-G 'njengeresiphi.' Ihhavini ingase isebenze, kodwa iresiphi kufanele ilungile.

Isinyathelo sesi-4 - Ukusethwa komshini: ukusebenza, ithuluzi, kanye nephoyinti elinguziro

Ukusetha kuguqula idizayini ebonakalayo ibe ukunyakaza kwangempela. I -CNC Router idinga ucezu lokusebenza oluvikelekile, ithuluzi elilungile lifakwe, kanye nesistimu yokuxhumanisa iqondaniswe.

Izinketho ezijwayelekile zokusebenza zihlanganisa:

• Ama-clamps embhedeni weshidi eliqinile nomsebenzi wephaneli

• Vacuum hold-down / vacuum seal lapho kusebenza ukuvimbela ukuphakamisa

Bese kufika i-zeroing . Amaphoyinti anguziro aqondanisa u-X/Y/Z izindawo zokuqala kumsuka womsebenzi. Uma u-zero engalungile, wonke umsebenzi uyasebenza. Kungakho abasebenzisi abaningi abanolwazi bephatha i-zeroing 'njengesinyathelo sokuphepha,' hhayi okusemthethweni.

Empeleni, baphinde baqinisekise:

• Ithuluzi liqiniswe ngokuqinile ku-spindle

• Ubude be-Cutter bufana nokuziphatha okujulile kokusika okulindelekile

• Umsuka wokudidiyela ufana nokuqagela kwe-CAM

Isinyathelo sesi-5 - Qalisa umsebenzi: ukwenziwa kohlelo nokususwa kwezinto

Manje i -CNC Router iqhuba uhlelo. Isilawuli sithumela izimpawu ezinyakazayo kumamotho. Ngenkathi ikhanda lihamba endleleni yamathuluzi ehleliwe, i-spindle izungeza ingxenye yokusika.

Le ngxenye izwakala iyimishini, kodwa yilapho imiphumela idaleka khona. Izinga lokususwa kwezinto kanye nekhwalithi yonqenqema kuvela ekufaneni phakathi kwendlela, isivinini, kanye nejiyomethri yamathuluzi.

Imisebenzi ejwayelekile phakathi nomsebenzi owodwa ihlanganisa:

• Ukwenza iphrofayela isimo sangaphandle

• Ukufaka emaphaketheni ezindaweni

• Izimbobo zokumba noma izici zesifanekiso

• Umbhalo oqoshiwe namalogo

• I-3D contouring yokukhululeka okunezinyathelo

Isinyathelo sesi-6 — Qeda futhi ususe ingxenye

Ngemuva komshini, ama-chips nothuli kudinga ukunakwa. Ukuhlanza okusheshayo kuthuthukisa ukuphepha futhi kuvimbela udoti ukuthi ungahlangani ekusethweni komsebenzi olandelayo. Khona-ke ingxenye ingase idinge ukuqeda ukukhanya.

Kuye ngempahla kanye nekhwalithi yokusika, ukuqeda kungaba ukugcotshwa kwesihlabathi noma ukupholisha. Kumapulasitiki aqoshiwe noma ama-acrylic, ukuhlanza ngokucophelela kubalulekile ngoba izinsalela zingafihla indawo eyiqiniso.

Ngezansi kunombono olula wezinyathelo zokugcina kanye nalokho ezihloselwe ukukulungisa kubasebenzisi abaningi be-CNC Router .

Uma ingxenye isihloliwe futhi isingathwa, ukugeleza komsebenzi kulungele ukuphinda kugijime okulandelayo.

 

FAQs Mayelana ne-CNC Router

Q: Isetshenziselwa ini irutha ye-CNC?

A: Amarutha e-CNC asike, aqophe, aqophe, futhi abhoboze. Basebenza kahle ngokhuni, i-acrylic, i-MDF, ipulasitiki, igwebu, kanye ne-PCB prototypes.

Q: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwerutha ye-CNC kanye nesigayo se-CNC?

A: Irutha ye-CNC yenzelwe izinto ezithambile nomsebenzi weshidi. Isigayo se-CNC singcono kwezinsimbi eziqinile njengensimbi ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu.

Q: Ingabe ngidinga i-CAD ne-CAM ukuze ngisebenzise irutha ye-CNC?

A: Yebo. I-CAD idala idizayini, i-CAM ikhiqiza izindlela zamathuluzi, futhi i-CAM ithumela ngaphandle ikhodi ye-G yesilawuli.

Q: Yenzani i-G-code kumzila we-CNC?

A: I-G-code itshela i-CNC Router ukuthi ihambe kuphi isebenzisa izixhumanisi ze-X/Y/Z. Iphinde isetha isivinini sokuphotha, amanani okuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika.

Umbuzo: Ingabe irutha ye-CNC ingasika insimbi?

A: Yebo ngezinsimbi ezithambile njenge-aluminium nethusi. Ngensimbi eqinile eqinile, isixazululo somshini esihlukile ngokuvamile siyadingeka.

Q: Inembe kangakanani irutha ye-CNC?

A: Ukunemba kuncike ekwakhiweni komshini, ukulinganisa, nokubamba ukusebenza. Ukuphindaphinda kuyathuthuka uma ukusetha kufana futhi amaziro elungile.